Education on the Dangers of Secondhand Smoke: New Treatment for Nondaily Smokers

描述(由候选人提供)：非每日吸烟(在某些日子吸烟，但不是每天吸烟)正在增加，占目前吸烟者的四分之一。非每日吸烟者倾向于将与其烟草使用相关的健康风险降至最低，但担心他们的吸烟对他人的影响。因此，专注于个人健康风险的标准戒烟咨询可能不会激励非每日吸烟者戒烟。有观察数据支持咨询非每日吸烟者他们的二手烟对他人构成的危险，作为一种有希望的替代戒烟信息。我们假设，非日常吸烟的成功临床治疗可以通过咨询来实现，咨询强调二手烟对他人的危害，而不是关注个人健康风险的咨询。这项研究的主要目的是测试对非日常吸烟者的试点干预，使用个人咨询，将对自己的伤害与对他人的伤害作为戒烟策略进行比较。主要结果将是戒烟意愿的增加，这是一个预测未来戒烟成功的因素。次要结果将包括(1)基于治疗的二手烟对非吸烟者构成危险的态度的改变，以及(2)个人香烟消费量的减少。这项拟议的研究将招募并随机安排非每日吸烟者接受(1)15分钟的标准咨询(个人健康风险)或(2)15分钟的实验咨询(二手烟对不吸烟者的危害)。在基线时，受试者将完成问卷调查，这些问卷衡量(1)根据他们在冥想阶梯上的得分决定的戒烟准备情况，以及(2)根据每月吸烟情况和尿可替宁水平报告的吸烟行为。这些措施将与3个月随访时的措施进行比较。非每日吸烟的患病率正在上升，并带来重大的健康风险。虽然非每日吸烟者会尽量减少自己吸烟习惯的后果，但他们担心吸烟会对他人造成影响。这项研究应用的结果将使卫生保健专业人员了解治疗非日常吸烟者的新方法；对这一群体来说，关于二手烟的危险的教育可能是更有效的戒烟策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by candidate): Nondaily smoking (smoking on some days but not every day) is increasing, representing up to one quarter of current tobacco users. Nondaily smokers tend to minimize the health risks associated with their tobacco use but are concerned about the impact their smoking has upon others. Therefore, standard cessation counseling that focuses on personal health risks may not motivate nondaily smokers to quit. There are observational data that support counseling nondaily smokers on the dangers that their secondhand smoke poses to others as a promising alternative cessation message. We hypothesize that successful clinical treatment of nondaily smoking can be achieved with counseling that stresses the dangers of secondhand smoke to others as opposed to counseling that focuses on personal health risks. The primary aim of this study is to test a pilot intervention for nondaily smokers using individual counseling that compares the harms to self with harm to others as a smoking cessation strategy. The primary outcome will be an increase in readiness to quit, a factor predictive of future success with cessation. Secondary outcomes will include (1) a treatment based change in attitudes about the dangers that secondhand smoke poses to the nonsmoker and (2) a decrease in personal cigarette consumption. The proposed study will recruit and randomize nondaily smokers to receive either (1)15 minutes of standard counseling (personal health risk) or (2) 15 minutes of experimental counseling (the harms secondhand smoke poses to the nonsmoker). At baseline, subjects will complete questionnaires that measure (1) readiness to quit smoking as determined by their scores on The Contemplation Ladder and (2) smoking behavior as reported by monthly cigarette use and urinary cotinine levels. These measures will be compared with those at 3 month follow-up visits. Nondaily smoking is increasing in prevalence and carries significant health risks. While nondaily smokers minimize the consequences of their habit, they fear the impact their smoking has upon others. The results from this research application will inform health care professionals about new ways to treat nondaily smokers; education on the dangers of secondhand smoke may be a more effective cessation strategy for this group.