Inhibitory Control and Selective Encoding into Long-term Memory

抑制控制和选择性编码长期记忆

• 批准号: 7677164
• 负责人: Benjamin John Levy
• 金额: $ 4.72万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7677164
• 关键词: Address; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Environment; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Image; Individual; Judgment; Location; Measures; Memory; Methods; Motor Cortex; Nature; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Parkinson Disease; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Stream; System; Testing; Time; To specify; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; attentional modulation; behavior measurement; cost; distraction; experience; information processing; long term memory; memory encoding; memory recognition; neuromechanism; normal aging; patient population; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to focus thought in a goal-directed manner depends critically on our ability to ignore or inhibit currently irrelevant information. The implementation of such inhibitory mechanisms, however, is often associated with subsequent costs for the ignored information. The primary goals of this research are to investigate whether inhibitory mechanisms are recruited during the encoding of new memories and to specify the neural mechanisms through which inhibition serves to modulate memory. Prior research has established that memory encoding depends on attentional control mechanisms that are engaged to select which aspects of the environment are to be remembered. While attentional modulation of information processing is typically thought to be accomplished by turning up the "gain" for attended streams, attentional control could also be accomplished through inhibitory mechanisms that gate out distraction from currently irrelevant processing streams. The proposed multi-modal research program will rely on behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation methods to (a) address whether the role of attention during encoding is involved, at least in part, in the inhibition of irrelevant information, and (b) delineate the contributions of prefrontal and parietal lobe mechanisms to inhibitory modulations of memory. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Through increased specification of the attentional mechanisms involved in successful encoding, we can hope to better understand the nature and consequences of attention and memory dysfunction in a number of patient populations (e.g., individuals with schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and normal aging).

描述（由申请人提供）：以目标导向的方式集中思想的能力主要取决于我们忽略或抑制当前不相关信息的能力。然而，这种抑制机制的实施往往与被忽视的信息的后续成本有关。本研究的主要目的是研究在新记忆的编码过程中是否会招募抑制机制，并详细说明抑制调节记忆的神经机制。先前的研究已经确定，记忆编码依赖于注意力控制机制，这些机制参与选择要记住的环境的哪些方面。虽然信息处理的注意力调节通常被认为是通过提高关注流的“增益”来实现的，但注意力控制也可以通过抑制机制来实现，该抑制机制可以从当前不相关的处理流中排除分心。拟议的多模态研究计划将依赖于行为，功能磁共振成像和经颅磁刺激方法，以（a）解决是否在编码过程中的注意力的作用，至少部分地，在抑制无关信息，（B）描绘的贡献，前额叶和顶叶机制抑制调制的记忆。公共卫生相关性：通过增加对成功编码中涉及的注意力机制的规范，我们可以希望更好地理解许多患者人群中注意力和记忆功能障碍的性质和后果（例如，患有精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多动障碍、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和正常衰老的个体）。