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A time series of magma flux measurements at the lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat

蒙特塞拉特岛苏弗里埃尔山火山熔岩穹顶的岩浆通量测量的时间序列

基本信息

批准号：
NE/E001726/1
负责人：
Geoffrey Wadge
金额：
$ 1.16万
依托单位：
University of St Andrews
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FE001726%2F1
关键词：
time series magma flux measurements

项目摘要

The lava dome that has been growing in the crater of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat since August 2005 is now visible above the crater rim. The dome poses increasing hazards of collapse and explosion due its size and the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) must assess these by observing the location and rates of dome growth. However, visual observations and conventional surveying methods cannot be used during the frequent periods when the dome is obscured by clouds. We propose, in collaboration with MVO, to measure, over a two week period, the shape and growth rate of the lava dome with the NERC-funded AVTIS (All-weather Volcano Topography Imaging Sensor) instrument which we built specifically to meet this need. In November 2005 we measured the dome with AVTIS from within the crater on two occasions. Now, without those logistical restrictions, we can measure the three dimensional surface of the lava dome using high resolution radar with this instrument at a rate of tens per day from sites outside the crater. These will reveal the way in which lava extrudes at the surface of the dome and the flux of magma into the dome changes over periods of hours to days and how these relate to the observable signals of gas flux and earthquakes. They may also show the conditions leading to a collapse of the dome. Such a detailed series of measurements have not been achieved before and we expect some exciting findings. In addition, we will make at least one measurement from within the crater to calculate the net growth rate since November 2005. This is the first opportunity anyone has had to make such detailed measurements of a growing lava dome with such an instrument and another opportunity may not present itself again for several years.

自2005年8月以来一直在蒙特塞拉特苏弗里耶尔山火山火山口生长的熔岩圆顶现在可以在火山口边缘上方看到。由于圆顶的规模，其坍塌和爆炸的危险越来越大，蒙特塞拉特火山观测站必须通过观测圆顶的位置和增长率来评估这些危险。然而，在圆顶经常被云层遮挡的时期，无法使用目视观测和常规测量方法。我们建议与MVO合作，在两周内使用NERC资助的AVTIS（全天候火山地形成像传感器）仪器测量熔岩圆顶的形状和增长率，该仪器是我们专门为满足这一需求而建造的。在2005年11月，我们用AVTIS从陨石坑内两次测量了圆顶。现在，没有这些后勤限制，我们可以测量熔岩圆顶的三维表面使用高分辨率雷达与这种仪器在每天数十个从火山口外的网站。这些将揭示熔岩在圆顶表面挤出的方式，以及岩浆流入圆顶的流量在数小时至数天内的变化，以及这些与可观察到的气体流量和地震信号的关系。它们也可能显示导致穹顶坍塌的条件。如此详细的一系列测量以前从未实现过，我们期待着一些令人兴奋的发现。此外，我们将从火山口内部进行至少一次测量，以计算自2005年11月以来的净增长率。这是第一次有人有机会用这样的仪器对一个不断增长的熔岩穹丘进行如此详细的测量，而另一个机会可能在几年内不会再次出现。