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Remote GPS measurements to improve SAR ice monitoring

远程 GPS 测量可改善 SAR 冰监测

基本信息

批准号：
NE/F015321/1
负责人：
Cathryn Mitchell
金额：
$ 45.31万
依托单位：
University of Bath
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF015321%2F1
关键词：
Remote GPS measurements improve SAR

项目摘要

Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations can be used to measure structure and velocity within the Antarctic ice sheet. Most SAR missions to date have used L-band frequencies (1-2 GHz) but interest is now turning to lower-frequency P-band signals (around 430 MHz) because they have greater penetration of the ice. Both the University of Bath and BAS are currently involved in feasibility studies relating to P-band SAR design for future ESA satellites. P-band SARs in polar orbits such as the ESA BIOMASS satellite due to launch in 2014, have the potential to map out the three-dimensional structure of ice sheets. However, their signals will suffer from significant ionospheric effects including Faraday rotation, range defocusing, range delay and interferometric phase bias. The ionosphere must be taken into account in the system design but the necessary ionospheric measurements to do this do not currently exist. This project will deliver the measurements for the Antarctic region and lay the foundation for successful P-band SAR missions. This project involves equipment development, fieldwork and analysis. The objective of the fieldwork is to deploy modified GPS receiving equipment that will for the first time take measurements of total electron content (TEC), plasma velocity and ionospheric scintillation at remote locations across the Antarctic. To achieve this, eight new GPS receivers will be deployed to undertake long-term measurements in the auroral and polar-cap regions over a two year period. Additional data from lower Antarctic latitudes will be provided by international partners. The measurements will be used to develop a multi-scale model of the Antarctic ionosphere. This model will be a critical input to SAR design that will minimize the impact of the ionosphere on ice measurements for future satellite missions.

星载合成孔径雷达观测可用于测量南极冰盖内的结构和速度。迄今为止，大多数合成孔径雷达任务都使用L波段频率（1-2千兆赫），但现在人们的兴趣转向较低频率的P波段信号（约430兆赫），因为它们对冰的穿透力更强。巴斯大学和巴斯航天局目前都在参与与欧空局未来卫星P波段合成孔径雷达设计有关的可行性研究。极轨道上的P波段合成孔径雷达，如定于2014年发射的欧空局生物物质卫星，有可能绘制出冰盖的三维结构。然而，它们的信号将受到显着的电离层效应的影响，包括法拉第旋转、距离散焦、距离延迟和干涉相位偏差。在系统设计中必须考虑到电离层，但目前尚不存在这样做所需的电离层测量。该项目将为南极地区提供测量数据，并为成功执行P波段合成孔径雷达任务奠定基础。该项目涉及设备开发、实地考察和分析。实地工作的目的是部署经过改进的全球定位系统接收设备，首次在南极各地的偏远地点测量总电子含量、等离子体速度和电离层闪烁。为了实现这一目标，将部署八个新的全球定位系统接收器，在两年期间对极光和极冠区域进行长期测量。国际伙伴将提供南极低纬度地区的更多数据。测量结果将用于建立南极电离层的多尺度模型。该模型将成为SAR设计的关键输入，从而最大限度地减少电离层对未来卫星任务中冰测量的影响。