The role of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

BRCA1和BRCA2基因在乳腺癌发病机制中的作用

• 批准号: 7968856
• 负责人: Lawrence C Brody
• 金额: $ 19.04万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7968856
• 关键词: BRCA1 gene; BRCA2 gene; Bioinformatics; Breast; Cells; Clinical; Code; Congenital Abnormality; DNA Repair; DNA Repair Pathway; Databases; Disease; Evolution; Exons; Failure; Gene Structure; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Databases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Inherited; Investigation; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of ovary; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Molecular; Mutate; Mutation; Oncogenes; Outcome; Ovarian; Pathogenesis; Play; Predisposition; Process; Proteins; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Sampling; Structure; Variant; Woman; cancer risk; design; genetic variant; malignant breast neoplasm; ovarian neoplasm; research study; response; tumor

Research in the Molecular Pathogenesis is focused on defining changes in the genes that underlie inherited susceptibilities to common diseases such as cancer and birth defects. Currently under investigation are the inherited breast and ovarian cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. These proteins appear to be involved in DNA repair. Previously, we discovered which proteins specifically interact with BRCA1. We also have found that BRCA1 is important for controlling the expression of other genes and is plays a role in DNA repair. Additional experiments under this project have revealed that BRCA1 appears to help in the process of recognizing and eliminating cells that may progress to form tumors. We now know that the increase in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer risk associated with genetic variants in these genes is due to a failure of these mutated proteins to function in the DNA repair pathway. We are now collaborating on a project designed to understand the molecular changes that occur in ovarian tumors. A large percentage of ovarian tumors occur in women who carry mutations in their BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. We are now determining if changes in other genes in ovarian tumors are associated with specific clinical outcomes and responses to treatment. In the past, we applied a bioinformatics approach to probe the role that genomic structure may play in protein evolution. The study of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has led us to discover a new connection between a specific type of gene structure and evolutionary rates of changes. This observation appears to be generalizable to almost any gene and holds true across all metazoan lineages. We recently completed the study of all the exons in each of six genomes. The rules we observed for our smaller sample have been confirmed in this larger set. This section created and maintains a database of mutations in the breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, this scientific resource is used by investigators through out the word. In the past year we have added information to the database that will allow users to assess the clinical and functional significance of mutations.

分子发病机制的研究重点是确定导致癌症和出生缺陷等常见疾病遗传易感性的基因变化。目前正在研究遗传性乳腺癌和卵巢癌基因 BRCA1 和 BRCA2。 这些蛋白质似乎参与 DNA 修复。之前，我们发现了哪些蛋白质与 BRCA1 特异性相互作用。我们还发现 BRCA1 对于控制其他基因的表达很重要，并且在 DNA 修复中发挥作用。该项目下的其他实验表明，BRCA1 似乎有助于识别和消除可能形成肿瘤的细胞。我们现在知道，与这些基因的遗传变异相关的乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌风险的增加是由于这些突变蛋白无法在 DNA 修复途径中发挥作用。 我们现在正在合作开展一个项目，旨在了解卵巢肿瘤中发生的分子变化。 很大一部分卵巢肿瘤发生在携带 BRCA1 或 BRCA2 基因突变的女性身上。我们现在正在确定卵巢肿瘤中其他基因的变化是否与特定的临床结果和治疗反应相关。 过去，我们应用生物信息学方法来探讨基因组结构在蛋白质进化中可能发挥的作用。 对 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 基因的研究使我们发现了特定类型的基因结构与进化变化率之间的新联系。 这一观察结果似乎适用于几乎所有基因，并且适用于所有后生动物谱系。我们最近完成了对六个基因组中每个基因组中所有外显子的研究。我们在较小样本中观察到的规则已在这个较大的集合中得到证实。 该部门创建并维护乳腺癌基因 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 突变数据库，全世界的研究人员都在使用这一科学资源。 去年，我们向数据库添加了信息，使用户能够评估突变的临床和功能意义。