Application of formal modeling to understand limitations in visual working memory

应用形式建模来了解视觉工作记忆的局限性

• 批准号: 8063957
• 负责人: Daryl Fougnie
• 金额: $ 4.84万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8063957
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Affect; Architecture; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Cognition; Cognitive; Cues; Detection; Dorsal; Environment; Failure; Goals; Lead; Location; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Participant; Performance; Process; Property; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Sum; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; To specify; Visual; Visual Perception; cost; design; information processing; insight; memory process; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; theories; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our limited ability to store visual information over short delays is demonstrated by poor accuracy in visual working memory (VWM) tasks that require participants to match stored representations to a subsequent display to determine whether a change occurred. There are limitations both in the quantity of representations that can be held in memory, and in how well those representations match visual perception. However, VWM theorists have generally attributed errors in change detection to limitations in quantity. A method has been developed, termed mixture modeling, that models participants' responses as the sum of two independent distributions, one for guesses and one for non-guess responses. This method can estimate the quantity and fidelity of VWM representations, and determine how each property is affected by experimental manipulations. The proposed studies investigate several issues important for informing theory: a) are estimates of quantity and fidelity consistent across VWM task and object properties? b) are processes that limit quantity and fidelity shared with other capacity-limited tasks? and c) how is VWM limited under optimal conditions? These issues will be investigated by applying mixture modeling and other analysis techniques to VWM tasks under various experimental manipulations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In addition to adding significantly to our understanding of visual working memory (VWM) capacity limits, the proposed research can provide benefits to public health. A leading cause of driving accidents is a failure to notice an important change in the environment, such as a car changing lanes. Since change detection is known to rely on VWM representations, an understanding of the limitations of these representations is critical to inform how roads and cars can be designed to minimize failures of change detection.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们在短时间内存储视觉信息的能力有限，这表现在视觉工作记忆（VWM）任务中准确性较差，这些任务要求参与者将存储的表征与随后的显示相匹配，以确定是否发生了变化。记忆中的表征数量和这些表征与视觉感知的匹配程度都是有限的。然而，VWM理论家通常将变化检测中的错误归因于数量的限制。已经开发了一种称为混合建模的方法，该方法将参与者的反应建模为两个独立分布的总和，一个用于猜测，另一个用于非猜测。该方法可以估计VWM表示的数量和保真度，并确定每个属性如何受到实验操作的影响。提出的研究调查了几个对信息理论很重要的问题：a) VWM任务和对象属性对数量和保真度的估计是否一致？B)限制数量和保真度的过程是否与其他容量有限的任务共享？c)在最优条件下VWM是如何被限制的？这些问题将通过在各种实验操作下应用混合建模和其他分析技术来研究VWM任务。