Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Therapeutic d-Amphetamine

修改项目摘要/摘要部分 注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是一种流行的神经精神疾病，影响5%至9%的儿童和1%至5%的成人。 口服精神兴奋剂药物如安非他明（例如，Adderall）是对抗ADHD相关缺陷的一线治疗方法。 国家心理健康研究所的一个优先事项是检查和改进现有的治疗策略，如多动症。 虽然安非他明的短期治疗效果已经确定，但对长期服用的长期效果知之甚少。 对反复使用治疗性苯丙胺的评估变得尤为重要，因为现在已知儿童多动症往往持续到青春期和成年期，增加了长期使用苯丙胺的可能性。 目前项目的总体目标是评估慢性d-安非他明口服治疗剂量的行为和神经化学作用。 一个公认的行为模型，用于测试有效治疗ADHD的药物（一系列反应时间任务），将用于确定口服d-苯丙胺的治疗剂量。 一旦确定了治疗剂量，将按照慢性方案给药，以评估长期行为和神经化学效应。 目前研究的结果将提供关于慢性治疗性安非他明治疗的重要新数据。

Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric illness affecting 5 to 9% of children and 1 to 5% of adults. Oral administration of psychostimulant medication such as amphetamine (e.g., Adderall) is a first-line treatment to combat ADHD-associated deficits. A priority at the National Institute of Mental Health is to examine and improve upon existing therapeutic strategies for illnesses such as ADHD. Although short-term therapeutic effects of amphetamine have been established, less is known concerning the long-term effects of chronic administration. Assessment of repeated therapeutic amphetamine use has become especially critical because childhood ADHD is now known to often persist into adolescence and adulthood, increasing the potential for protracted amphetamine use. The overall goal of the current project is to assess behavioral and neurochemical effects of oral therapeutic doses of chronic d-amphetamine. An accepted behavioral model for testing agents that are effective in treating ADHD (a serial reaction-time task) will be used to determine a therapeutic dose of oral d-amphetamine. Once therapeutic doses are determined, they will be administered under a chronic regimen to assess long-term behavioral and neurochemical effects. Findings from the current studies will provide important new data on chronic therapeutic amphetamine treatment.