Induction of neutralizing antibodies targeting CD4 binding region of HIV-1 Env

描述（由申请人提供）：这个多项目HIVRAD项目申请的总体目标是诱导针对原发HIV-1包膜（Env）糖蛋白的CD4结合位点（CD4bs）的中和抗体。本P01计划提案由三个主要项目组成，外加两个核心来支持主要项目的活动。以下是本计划不同项目/核心中提出的主要活动摘要。目标1：组织和管理一个高度互动和高效的研究团队（核心B）。目标2：了解HIV-1 R5 Envs的变异如何影响趋向性、中和和疫苗开发（项目1）。HIV-1 R5包膜感染巨噬细胞的能力差异很大。我们建议研究巨噬细胞嗜性的变化对其他与Env相关的生物学特性的影响，包括中和敏感性。目的3：研究CD4bs抗原性的变化如何影响初级Env蛋白的中和敏感性和免疫原性（项目2）。几组具有独特生物学特征的初级Envs的CD4bs抗原性将通过单克隆抗体进行检测。我们将使用DMA引物蛋白增强免疫方法研究高CD4bs抗原性和对CD4bs单抗介导中和的高敏感性是否会导致关键代表Env的高免疫原性。目标4：研究受体结合位点的修饰作为HIV-1疫苗设计的一种方法（项目3）。我们将测试特异性聚糖修饰引起的变化是否会增加受体结合位点保守表位的稳定性或可及性，以及这些保守位点更大的可及性是否会增强其作为免疫原的功能，从而引发交叉反应性NAb反应。目标5：支持Env结构分析的重大项目，研究新抗原的结构和抗原-抗体相互作用（核心A）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this multi-project HIVRAD program application is to elicit neutralizing antibodies that target the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of primary HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins. This P01 program proposal consists of three major projects, plus two cores to support the activities of major projects. The following is a summary of major activities as proposed in different Projects/Cores of this program. Goal 1: To organize and manage a highly interactive and productive research team (Core B). Goal 2: To understand how the variation in HIV-1 R5 Envs affect tropism, neutralization and vaccine development (Project 1). HIV-1 R5 envelopes vary extensively in their capacity to infect macrophages. We propose to investigate the impact of variation in macrophage tropism (mac-tropism) on other biological properties associated with Env including neutralization sensitivity. Goal 3: To study how the variation of antigenicity of CD4bs will affect the neutralization sensitivity and immunogenicity of primary Env proteins (Project 2). The CD4bs antigenicity of several panels of primary Envs, each with their own unique biological features, will be probed by mAbs. We will examine whether high CD4bs antigenicity and high sensitivity to CD4bs mAb mediated neutralization will lead to high immunogenicity for key representative Env using the DMA prime-protein boost immunization approach. Goal 4: To study the modification of receptor binding site as an approach to HIV-1 vaccine design (Project 3). We will test whether changes resulting from specific glycan modifications will lead to increased stability or accessibility of conserved epitopes in the receptor binding site and whether greater accessibility of these conserved sites will enhance their function as immunogen to elicit cross-reactive NAb responses. Goal 5: To provide support to major projects on structure analysis of Env and to study the structure of novel antigens, and antigen-antibody interactions (Core A).