Implementing Appropriate Multivariate Methods for Higher Quality Results from Gen

描述（由申请人提供）：目前，有一个明显的短缺（生物）统计精通研究人员和适当的统计工具设计的，特别是在药物滥用的遗传学研究。最近的NIDA执行摘要强调了这一点，该摘要对药物滥用人群的全基因组-更普遍地说，遗传学-研究的解释持谨慎态度（国家药物滥用研究所[NIDA]，2010年）。该报告强烈建议NIDA将其资源用于“增加对生物统计学、统计遗传学和相关生物信息学科培训的支持--这些学科的关键支持学科人员短缺已经成为一个制约因素。“（NIDA，2010，p. iv）。有了这个建议，我的目标是减少两个1）“人员短缺”通过接受和提供适当的培训和2）缺乏适当的工具，GWAS在药物滥用研究。最近出现并被《科学》杂志（Pennisi，2007）誉为“突破”的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已经在许多领域使用。例如，最近的一次搜索得到了1，008（www.gwascentral.org）到26，100多（Google Scholar）GWAS结果之间的研究数量。GWAS有可能揭示复杂疾病的遗传贡献，并阐明其病因学所涉及的生物系统，但只有有效的方法学方法。但是，尽管应用范围如此广泛，全球WAS尚未产生任何“突破性”结果，特别是在药物滥用方面（Hutchison，2010年）。此外，GWAS数量的增长，特别是在酒精和药物成瘾研究中（哈钦森，2010; Loth，Carvalho & Schumann，2011），并没有被严格的统计方法或工具的增长所掩盖，这些方法或工具可以充分利用这些复杂的数据集。全球WAS在药物滥用方面缺乏突破，可能是由于在适当的统计技术方面缺乏突破。统计工具的开发可大大促进药物滥用和依赖遗传学方面的新发现，如新的遗传标记、环境影响和内在表型。在这个建议中，我有两个主要的科学目标：1）开发和提供适当的工具（免费）GWAS在药物滥用和2）应用适当的工具，以阐明冲动行为和药物滥用（在大麻，尼古丁和暴食人群）的遗传和环境影响。目前的初步结果表明：1）遗传标记的复制和2）药物滥用的新遗传标记。初步结果显示，神经肽Y（NPY）标记物与暴饮暴食和多种物质使用者的关系比其他任何群体都要密切。此外，我已经确定了几个可能的保护性标记相关的BDNF和MAOA基因。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, there is a distinct shortage of (bio) statistically proficient researchers and appropriate statistical tools designed by, and especially for, research in the genetics of substance abuse. This is underscored by the recent NIDA executive summary that expressed caution on the interpretation of genome-wide-and more generally, genetics-studies for substance abuse populations (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2010). The report strongly recommended that NIDA place its resources towards an "increase [in] support for training in biostatistics, statistical genetics, and related bioinformatcs disciplines-key support disciplines in which personnel shortages are already a constraint." (NIDA, 2010, p. iv). With this proposal, I aim to decrease both the 1) "personnel shortage" by receiving and providing appropriate training and 2) lack of appropriate tools for GWAS in substance abuse research. Recently appeared and hailed as a "breakthrough" by the journal Science (Pennisi, 2007) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are already used in many fields. For example, a recent search resulted in number of studies between 1,008 (www.gwascentral.org) to over 26,100 (Google Scholar) GWAS results. GWAS have the potential to shed light on the genetic contributions of complex disorders and elucidate the biological systems involved in their etiology, but only with valid methodological approaches. But despite such a range of applications, GWAS have yet to yield any "breakthrough" results, especially in substance abuse (Hutchison, 2010). Additionally, the growth in the number of GWAS-especially in alcohol and drug addiction research (Hutchinson, 2010; Loth, Carvalho & Schumann, 2011)-is not paralleled by a growth of rigorous statistical methods or tools that could fully exploit these complex data sets. This lack of breakthroughs in GWAS for substance abuse may be due to the lack of breakthroughs in appropriate statistical techniques. Statistical tool development could greatly facilitate new discoveries in the genetics of substance abuse and dependence, such as novel genetic markers, environmental influences and endophenotypes. In this proposal I have two primary scientific aims: 1) develop and make available appropriate tools (freely) for GWAS in substance abuse and 2) apply appropriate tools in order to elucidate the genetic and environmental influences of impulsive behaviors and substance abuse (in marijuana, nicotine and binge eating populations). Current preliminary results show both 1) replication of genetic markers and 2) novel genetic markers for substance abuse. Preliminary results show neuropeptide Y (NPY) markers are more associated to binge eating and polysubstance users than any other group. Additionally, I have identified several possibly protective markers related to the BDNF and MAOA genes.