Structural and Social Contexts of Substance Use, Violence and HIV Risk Among Adol

描述(申请人提供)：这个为期四年的项目题为“青少年帮派中吸毒、暴力和艾滋病毒风险的结构和社会背景”，目的是探索非裔美国人和拉美裔密尔沃基帮派的帮派结构差异(规模和复杂性、入会仪式、成年仪式、性别构成、性别角色和有关物质使用的规则)与帮派成员的社会背景(包括物质使用、毒品销售、社会网络、吸毒和危险性行为发生的背景)和环境因素之间的关系。具体目标包括：1.比较密尔沃基拉美裔和非裔美国人帮派的帮派结构，包括性别构成、规模和复杂性、帮派发起以及毒品销售和使用方面的规范。2.确定不同拉美裔和非裔密尔沃基帮派的男性和女性成员在性危险行为上的差异。3.考察帮派结构和环境因素对帮派成员危险行为和日常活动的影响，包括涉及物质使用和非法活动。该项目将采用定性和定量的研究方法。第一阶段，我们将对团伙成员进行深入访谈。黑帮成员将被有目的地抽样，包括四个不同拉美裔和非裔美国人黑帮的男性和女性成员。选定的帮派将包括较小的、以邻里为基础的帮派和较大的企业帮派。我们将利用定性数据开发和试点一项量化调查，衡量帮派结构和成员的日常活动，包括吸毒、毒品销售、发生性行为危险行为、吸毒和酗酒的社会背景和身体环境。在该项目的第二阶段，我们将对400名帮派成员进行ACASI调查，其中包括没有参与深入访谈的帮派成员，以确定帮派结构、帮派社会背景和环境如何影响性风险。在研究的最后阶段，我们将进行一系列焦点小组，以帮助确定多级预防干预的组成部分、可用于实施干预的社区资源，以及如何量身定做干预措施，以吸引和满足男女帮派成员和不同种族成员的不同需求。我们将有一个社区咨询委员会，由社区利益相关者和帮派成员组成，并有一名科学顾问在项目的所有阶段向我们提供建议。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this four year project entitled "Structural and social contexts of substance use, violence and HIV risk among adolescent gangs" is to explore the relationship between differences in gang structure (size and complexity, initiation rites, rites of passage, gender composition, gender roles, and rules concerning substance use) of African American and Latino Milwaukee gangs, gang members' social context (including substance use, drug selling, social networks, and the context in which drugs are consumed and risky sex occurs), and environmental factors on the sexual risk behaviors of gang members. Specific aims include: 1. To compare gang structure, including differences in gender composition, size and complexity, gang initiation, and norms around drug selling and use among Latino and African American gangs in Milwaukee. 2. To identify differences in sexual risk behaviors among male and female members of different Latino and African American Milwaukee gangs. 3. To examine the impact of gang structure and environmental factors on gang members' risk behaviors and daily activities including involvement in substance use and illegal activities. The project will use qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the first phase, we will conduct in-depth interviews with 64 gang members. Gang members will be purposefully sampled to include male and female members of four different Latino and African American gangs. Gangs selected will include smaller, neighborhood based gangs, and larger corporate gangs. We will use the qualitative data to develop and pilot a quantitative survey measuring gang structure and members' daily activities including drug use, drug selling, the social context and physical setting in which sexual risk behaviors, drug and alcohol use occur. In the second phase of the project, we will administer the ACASI survey with 400 gang members, including members of gangs that were not part of the in-depth interviews to determine how gang structure, gang social context and environment influence sexual risk. In the final phase of the research, we will conduct a series of focus groups to help identify components of a multilevel prevention intervention, community resources that can be used to implement the intervention, and ways of tailoring interventions to appeal and meet the different needs of male and female gang members, and members of different ethnicities. We will have a Community Advisory Board, made up of community stakeholders and gang members, and a Scientific Advisor to advise us in all phases of the project.