Role of Progranulin in Mediating the Anti-Inflammatory Property of High-Density L

描述（由申请人提供）：高密度脂蛋白（HDL）是血浆中最小、密度最大的脂蛋白。过去40年的流行病学研究一致发现HDL水平与心血管疾病的发病率呈负相关。高密度脂蛋白的保护作用很大程度上归因于其在逆向胆固醇运输中的作用或其抗炎特性。1995年，基于HDL能够阻断tnf -a诱导的内皮细胞中细胞粘附分子VCAM-1和ICAM-1的表达，描述了其抗炎特性。尽管许多研究已经证实了这一发现，但这种抗炎特性的机制尚不清楚。我建议把重点放在一个新的候选介导HDL的抗炎特性。蛋白原是一种分泌性生长因子，在许多组织中表达，并在血液中循环。在一些家族性额颞叶痴呆病例中，颗粒蛋白前基因GRN发生突变。据报道，前颗粒蛋白与HDL有关。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，前颗粒蛋白与TNF受体结合，从而建立了前颗粒蛋白与炎症之间的联系。具体来说，目前的模型假设前颗粒蛋白通过与TNF-a结合TNF受体竞争来拮抗TNF信号。此外，缺乏颗粒前蛋白的小鼠对胶原诱导的关节炎的易感性增强，说明了涉及炎症的功能后果。这提出了一个有趣的假设，即前颗粒蛋白显著有助于HDL的抗炎特性。这些研究的完成有望为HDL抗炎特性的分子基础提供重要的见解。从这些研究中收集的知识可能对预防和治疗心血管疾病具有治疗意义。此外，它可能与GRN基因突变的个体直接相关，GRN基因在某些额颞叶痴呆病例中发生突变。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the smallest, most dense lipoprotein in plasma. Epidemiological studies from the past four decades have consistently found that HDL levels are inversely correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The protective effect of HDL is largely attributed to either its role in reverse cholesterl transport or its anti-inflammatory property. The anti-inflammatory property was described in 1995, based on HDL's ability to block TNF-a-induced expression of the cellular adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in endothelial cells. Although numerous studies have confirmed this finding, the mechanism underlying this anti-inflammatory property remains unknown. I propose to focus on a new candidate for mediating HDL's anti-inflammatory property. Progranulin is a secreted growth factor that is expressed in many tissues and circulates in the blood. The progranulin gene, GRN, is mutated in some cases of familial frontotemporal dementia. Progranulin has been reported to be associated with HDL. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that progranulin binds to TNF receptors, thereby establishing a link between progranulin and inflammation. Specifically, current models posit that progranulin antagonizes TNF signaling by competing with TNF-a for binding to TNF receptors. Further, mice lacking progranulin have enhanced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, illustrating functional consequences involving inflammation. This raises the intriguing hypothesis that progranulin significantly contributes to the anti-inflammatory property of HDL. Completion of these studies is expected to provide important insights into the molecular basis underlying HDL's anti-inflammatory property. Knowledge gleaned from these studies will likely have therapeutic implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, it would be directly relevant to individuals with mutations in the GRN gene, which is mutated in some cases of frontotemporal dementia.