Aortic Dysfunction, Pulsatile Stress and Target Organ Damage in Framingham

描述（由申请人提供）：主动脉僵硬度随着年龄的增长而显著增加，并与心血管疾病、中风、认知障碍、脑白质病变和肾功能障碍的发生有关。不幸的是，我们目前对动脉硬化和脉压升高的病理生理的理解是有限的。我们小组最近的数据表明，由于环境血流不匹配和不适当的主动脉直径较小而增加的前向波幅是高血压个体和社区中PP增加的主要组成部分。我们还发现，年龄与关键的中央血流动力学指标（如前向波幅和PP）之间存在明显的非线性横截面关系。血流动力学的纵向变化是否会反映这些横截面关系尚不清楚。我们对这一建议的假设有三个方面：1)主动脉壁近端硬化和主动脉直径与流量不匹配是老年人压力脉动性过度的主要原因；2)随之增加的脉动性血流动力学应激有助于收缩期高血压的发展和心脏、大脑和肾脏的靶器官损伤；3)动脉特性的改变将预测临床事件的发生。我们将以以下具体目标来检验这些假设：在Framingham后代和OMNI-I参与者中，研究间隔6年的关键中心血流动力学指标变化的危险因素。我们将在约3000名Framingham Offspring和少数Omni队列参与者的下一次常规心脏研究检查（2011- 2014）中进行动脉血压计测量，以全面表征动脉硬度及其与之前检查（2005- 2008）相比的变化。目标2。研究观察到的和预测的关键中心血流动力学指标的纵向变化之间的关系，以确定与纵向和横断面年龄关系差异相关的因素。目标3。将主动脉功能测量的基线和变化与靶器官损伤和涉及心脏、大脑和肾脏的突发临床疾病的基线和变化联系起来。拟议的研究将描述动脉僵硬度随年龄的纵向变化及其对社区心血管疾病、中风、认知障碍和肾功能障碍发展的贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aortic stiffness increases markedly with advancing age and is associated with incident CVD, stroke, cognitive impairment, white matter brain lesions, and kidney dysfunction. Unfortunately, our current understanding of arterial stiffening and the pathophysiology of elevated pulse pressure (PP) is limited. Recent data from our group suggests that increased forward wave amplitude due to mismatch between ambient flow and an inappropriately smaller aortic diameter accounts for a major component of increased PP in hypertensive individuals and in the community. We have also found markedly nonlinear cross-sectional relations between age and key central hemodynamic measures such as forward wave amplitude and PP. Whether longitudinal changes in hemodynamics will mirror these cross-sectional relations is unknown. Our hypotheses for this proposal are 3 fold: 1) that proximal aortic wall stiffening and mismatch between aortic diameter and flow are major sources of excessive pressure pulsatility in older people, 2) that the consequent increase in pulsatile hemodynamic stress contributes to development of systolic hypertension and target organ damage in the heart, brain and kidneys, and 3) that change in arterial properties will predict incident clinical events. We will test these hypotheses with the following specific aims: Aim 1. To examine risk factors for change in key central hemodynamic measures across an interval of 6 years in the Framingham Offspring and OMNI-I participants. We will perform arterial tonometry in ~3000 Framingham Offspring and minority Omni cohort participants at their next routine Heart Study exam (2011- 2014) to comprehensively characterize arterial stiffness and its change from their previous examination (2005- 2008). Aim 2. To examine relations between observed and predicted longitudinal change in key central hemodynamic measures in order to identify factors associated with discrepancies in longitudinal and cross-sectional age relations. Aim 3. To relate baseline and change in measures of aortic function to baseline and change in measures of target organ damage and incident clinical disease involving the heart, brain and kidneys. The proposed research will characterize longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness with aging and its contribution to the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cognitive impairment and renal dysfunction in the community.