Temperamental Precursors of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

描述(由申请人提供)：这项拟议的研究将利用一项正在进行的、流行病学衍生的前瞻性纵向研究的数据，以测试早期气质指标是否预测一年级出现注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)。数据将来自一项正在进行的发展流行病学研究，该研究采用前瞻性纵向设计(即，家庭生活项目；NIH 1P01HD396667-01A1，弗农-费根，PI)。这项拟议的研究在利用多信息、多方法的方法来衡量出生后头三年的气质反应和调节方面是独一无二的，这种方法不依赖于父母的报告。气质反应性的个体差异 规则将作为一年级家长和老师报告的ADHD的预测因子。除了测试气质导致的ADHD的总体风险外，这项拟议的研究还将测试Nigg和他的同事(2004)关于五种不同的气质调节途径转变为混合型ADHD的假说。这提出了这样一种可能性，即气质的特定维度与ADHD之间的联系强度可能在不同的儿童亚群中有所不同，这与文献中旨在澄清ADHD病因多样性的更大努力是一致的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study will utilize data from an ongoing, epidemiologically-derived, prospective longitudinal study to test whether early indices of temperament predict the emergence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in 1st grade. Data will be drawn from an ongoing developmental epidemiological study that utilized a prospective longitudinal design (i.e., the Family Life Project; NIH 1P01HD396667-01A1, Vernon-Feagans, PI). The proposed study is unique in utilizing a multi-informant, multi-method approach, which does not rely on parent reports, for measuring temperamental reactivity and regulation across the first three years of life. Individual differences in temperamental reactivity and regulation will be used as predictors of parent and teacher-reported ADHD in 1st grade. In addition to testing for the aggregate risk of ADHD from temperament, the proposed study will also test Nigg and colleagues (2004) hypotheses regarding five distinct temperamentally mediated pathways into combined type ADHD. This raises the prospect that the strength of the association between specific dimensions of temperament and ADHD may vary across subgroups of children and is consonant with a larger effort in the literature aimed at clarifying the etiologic plurality of ADHD.