Effects of prenatal stress exposure on childhood physical and metabolic outcomes

产前压力暴露对儿童身体和代谢结果的影响

• 批准号: 8668323
• 负责人: Kelsey Needham Dancause
• 金额: $ 0.79万
• 依托单位: MCGILL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-14 至 2015-05-13
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8668323
• 关键词: 2 year old; 21 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Animals; Anxiety; Area; Behavioral; Birth; Birth Weight; Body Size; Body mass index; Brain; Canada; Central obesity; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Chronic Disease; Cognitive; Communities; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data; Developing Countries; Development; Disease; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth; Fetus; Floods; Gestational Age; Growth; Head circumference; Health; Health Status; Height; Hip region structure; Hippocampus (Brain); Hormones; Human; Ice; Infant; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Iowa; Knowledge; Life; Life Stress; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Low Birth Weight Infant; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Methods; Minor; Mothers; Movement; Muscle; Natural Disasters; Nature; Obesity; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Personality; Placenta; Pregnancy; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Quebec; Research; Risk; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Testing; Time; Toddler; Triceps Brachii Muscle; Upper arm; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; cohort; design; disorder risk; early adolescence; early childhood; fasting glucose; genetic risk factor; human data; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; in utero; infancy; maternal stress; muscle form; novel; obesity risk; offspring; pregnant; prenatal; prenatal stress; prevent; programs; prospective; stressor; subcutaneous; trait

Project Summary Exposure to high levels of stress during pregnancy can impact offspring cognitive, behavioral, and physical development. This is thought to reflect the effects of maternal stress hormones, which can cross the placenta and disrupt fetal development. Prenatal stress exposure might represent one of the mediating mechanisms in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, which suggests that the early environment holds lifelong implications for adult health. Prenatal stress exposure has been associated with poor birth outcomes, which increases risk for later chronic diseases. Animal and some human studies also suggest that prenatal stress exposure is associated with later cardiometabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and obesity independently of size at birth, perhaps reflecting effects of stress hormones on the developing HPA (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal) axis, which is involved in metabolism. However, human studies of prenatal stress are difficult to design, and we have limited data about physical and metabolic outcomes of prenatal stress in childhood and adolescence that might precede the development of adult disease. My Objective is to examine the effects of prenatal stress exposure on physical growth and metabolic patterns among 120 adolescents whose mothers were exposed to stress during pregnancy due to a severe ice storm in 1998; and among 262 toddlers whose mothers were pregnant during a flood in 2008. These children are already participating in regular assessments for two prospective longitudinal studies of prenatal stress exposure: Project Ice Storm and the Iowa Flood Study. The studies include measurements of size at birth and some anthropometric measurements in childhood; detailed assessments of maternal stress exposure; and data on potential confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, maternal trait anxiety, and other stressful life events occurring during pregnancy. The children in both studies participate in regular assessments during which I can collect additional data. Methods: I will analyze the effects of prenatal stress exposure on birth outcomes (birth weight, stature, and head circumference for gestational age) in both cohorts using already available data. I will collect detailed anthropometric measurements (height; weight; waist, hip, mid-upper-arm, and calf circumference; and triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds) among Iowa Flood Study participants at age 21/2, and Project Ice Storm participants at age 131/2. Controlling for confounding variables, I will examine relationships between level of stress exposure and body size, lean muscle and fat mass, and fat distribution patterns. I will also use longitudinal measures of height and weight collected in Project Ice Storm to analyze if and how prenatal stress exposure impacts growth trajectories from birth to adolescence. Finally, I will measure fasting glucose and insulin levels for Project Ice Storm participants and analyze their relationship to prenatal stress levels. These unique data can help address unanswered questions about the developmental origins of health and disease, and will highlight many areas for future research.

项目摘要 怀孕期间暴露在高水平的压力下会影响后代的认知、行为和身体 发展。这被认为反映了母体应激激素的影响，这种荷尔蒙可以穿过胎盘。 并扰乱胎儿发育。胎儿期应激暴露可能是高血压发病的中介机制之一 健康和疾病的发育起源，这表明早期环境终生存在 对成人健康的影响。产前应激暴露与不良的出生结局有关，这 增加日后罹患慢性病的风险。动物和一些人类研究也表明，产前应激 暴露与后来的心脏代谢性疾病如胰岛素抵抗和肥胖独立相关 出生时的大小，可能反映了应激激素对发育中的HPA(下丘脑垂体腺)的影响 肾上腺)轴，参与新陈代谢。然而，人类对产前压力的研究很难 设计，我们关于儿童期和孕期应激的生理和代谢结果的数据有限。 青春期可能先于成人疾病的发展。我的目标是研究 孕期应激暴露对120名母亲的青少年体格发育和代谢模式的影响 由于1998年的一场严重的冰暴，在怀孕期间暴露在压力之下；在262名幼儿中， 2008年的一场洪水中，母亲们怀孕了。这些孩子已经参加了定期评估 两项关于产前应激暴露的前瞻性纵向研究：冰暴项目和爱荷华州洪水研究。 这些研究包括出生时的体型测量和儿童时期的一些人体测量； 对母亲压力暴露的详细评估；以及关于潜在混杂变量的数据，如 社会经济状况、母亲的特质焦虑，以及孕期发生的其他应激性生活事件。这个 这两项研究中的孩子都参加了定期评估，在此期间我可以收集额外的数据。 方法：我将分析产前应激暴露对出生结果的影响(出生体重、身高和 在两个队列中使用已有的数据。我会收集详细的资料 人体测量(身高、体重、腰围、臀围、上臂中部和小腿围；以及三头肌， 21/2岁的爱荷华州洪水研究参与者的肩胛骨下和髂上皮褶)，以及冰暴项目 受试者在131/2岁。控制混淆变量，我将检查水平之间的关系 应激暴露和身体大小，瘦肌肉和脂肪质量，以及脂肪分布模式。我还将使用 在冰暴计划中收集的身高和体重的纵向测量，以分析是否以及如何产前应激 暴露会影响从出生到青春期的成长轨迹。最后，我会测量空腹血糖和 冰暴计划参与者的胰岛素水平，并分析其与产前应激水平的关系。这些 独特的数据可以帮助解决关于健康和疾病的发育起源的悬而未决的问题， 并将突出未来研究的许多领域。