An evaluation of electronic cigarettes with low heater resistance: Understanding plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, subjective effects and reasons for use

项目摘要/摘要 虽然美国的吸烟率停滞不前，但电子烟(ECIG)等新型烟草产品 在成年人、青少年和从不吸烟的人中越来越受欢迎。电动汽车使用电池供电的供暖系统 雾化一种通常含有产生依赖的药物尼古丁的液体的元素。尼古丁递送 而这些产品的依赖潜力可能会受到ECIG器件特征的影响，这些特征在很大程度上 在使用者的控制下(例如，液体尼古丁浓度和加热元件阻力)。特别的 令人担忧的是，具有低阻加热元件(以欧姆，测量)的ECIG设备的激增 是&lt；1。ECig用户，请将这些&lt；1设备称为“亚欧姆”ECIG。初步数据显示，ECIGs 使用电阻加热器可以有效地提供尼古丁，尽管经常与低液态尼古丁配对 浓度。然而，减少ECIG加热器阻力对尼古丁输送的影响程度 而用户主观体验，这两个预测依赖的因素，仍然不清楚。此外，这些信念 而偏爱“亚欧姆”ECIG的ECIG用户所持的伤害认知仍未被探索，并与 预测这些设备的使用和持续使用。了解尼古丁的释放，主观体验 而那些偏爱“亚欧姆”ECIG的用户所持有的信念和伤害认知将是 对保护个人和公共健康至关重要。因此，这项提议描述了两个主要目标。目标 1将测量&lt；1加热器阻力和液体尼古丁浓度对尼古丁传输和 用户主观效果。这2(加热器阻力)乘以2(尼古丁浓度)受试者内人/临床 实验室设计将阐明这些因素对血浆尼古丁的单独和联合影响。 32名经验丰富的ECIG使用者的注意力和主观效果。Aim 2将使用混合方法 参与性研究活动，称为概念图，以表征信仰、健康/依赖 感知和感知的影响推动了“亚欧姆”ECIG的使用。这两个目标的假设是：1) 带有&lt；1加热器阻力的eCigs将导致更多的尼古丁输送，并将与更多 积极的主观效果简档，提示较高的依赖潜力和2)“亚欧姆”ECIG将 与良好的信念和积极的使用感知效果相关，以及较低的伤害风险和尼古丁 依赖，使它们更有可能被使用。该项目的结果将导致对 可能影响ECIG依赖潜力的因素和驱动使用“亚欧姆”ECIG的原因 告知这一新型烟草产品类别的监管规定，同时还提供无与伦比的培训 经验。

Project Summary/Abstract While smoking prevalence stagnates in the U.S., novel tobacco products like electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are gaining popularity among adults, adolescents, and never smokers. ECIGs use a battery-powered heating element to aerosolize a liquid that often contains the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Nicotine delivery and the dependence potential of these products may be influenced by ECIG device features that are largely under the control of the user (e.g., liquid nicotine concentration and heating element resistance). Of particular concern is the proliferation of ECIG devices with low resistance heating elements (measured in Ohms, ) that are <1. ECIG users, refer to these <1 devices as “sub-Ohm” ECIGs. Preliminary data reveal that ECIGs with <1 resistance heaters may deliver nicotine effectively, despite often being paired with low liquid nicotine concentrations. However, the extent to which decreasing ECIG heater resistance influences nicotine delivery and user subjective experience, two factors predictive of dependence, remains unclear. In addition, the beliefs and harm perceptions held by ECIG users who prefer ”sub-Ohm” ECIGs remains unexplored and is relevant to predicting uptake and continued use of these devices. Understanding nicotine delivery, subjective experience and the beliefs and harm perceptions held by those ECIG users who prefer “sub-Ohm” ECIGs will be paramount to protecting individual and public health. Therefore, this proposal describes two primary aims. Aim 1 will measure the effect of <1 heater resistance and liquid nicotine concentration on nicotine delivery and user subjective effects. This 2 (heater resistance) by 2 (nicotine concentration) within-subject human/clinical laboratory design will elucidate the individual and combined effects of these factors on plasma nicotine concentration and subjective effects in 32 experienced ECIG users. Aim 2 will use a mixed-method participatory research exercise called concept mapping to characterize the beliefs, health/dependence perceptions, and perceived effects driving “sub-Ohm” ECIG use. The hypotheses of these two aims are: 1) ECIGs with <1heater resistance will result in greater nicotine delivery and will be associated with more positive subjective effect profiles, suggestive of higher dependence potential and 2) “sub-Ohm” ECIGs will be associated with favorable beliefs and positive perceived effects of use, as well as less risk of harm and nicotine dependence, making their use more likely. Results from this project will result in further understanding of factors that can influence ECIG dependence potential and reasons driving the use of “sub-Ohm” ECIGs, likely informing regulation of this novel tobacco product category, while also providing an unparalleled training experience.