HIV and Substance Abuse Epidemiology among IDUs: Structural and Network Risk Fact

描述(由申请者提供)：本指导科学家职业发展奖(K01)将提供特定的培训、指导和所需的保护时间，以促进 候选人向研究独立的过渡。她的培训目标是发展地理信息系统(地理信息系统)和社会计量网络分析方面的高级技能，接受关于研究道德行为的进一步培训，特别是在国际/跨文化环境中，并获得赠款编写和合作研究方面的技能。这些培训目标将通过教学课程和专门研讨会、负责任地进行研究的指导、与导师的指导阅读以及与培训委员会成员的会议来实现，培训委员会成员是国内和国际知名的艾滋病毒、药物滥用、边境卫生、地理信息系统和社会网络研究方面的专家。这项研究的目的很好地符合NIDA的使命，即“使科学的力量对药物滥用和成瘾产生影响”，并将通过一项部分嵌入现有研究El Cuete(R37 DA019829；PI：Strathdee)的研究来进行。拟议研究的具体目的是：1)开发地理信息系统模型以检验a)HIV和b)最近自愿戒毒进入的社区(社区)特征和聚集性之间的关系，2)识别与a)HIV和b)最近自愿戒毒进入相关的社会计量网络属性，以及3)建立多层地理加权模型以检验社区和社会计量网络关联对a)HIV和b)最近自愿戒毒进入的独立和综合影响。来自墨西哥提华纳8个不同殖民地的16个“种子”将从最近加入El Cuete的那些人中挑选出来，为K01研究启动300名额外注射吸毒者的同行招募。为了促进K01样本的地理多样性，种子将被要求报告更大的流动性(在&gt；1丛林中活着、注射和/或购买药物)。为了促进同伴招募和确定所有网络联系(一个社交网络)，参与者将收到10张招聘票(带有唯一的招聘者ID，不同于他/她的学习ID)，如果需要的话，还将收到更多，以分发给IDU网络成员。IDU网络成员可以由他们的招聘人员(同行推荐)陪同到学习地点；如果他们独自到达，他们必须正确地识别他们的每个招聘人员。参与者还将提供有关戒毒所网络成员的信息，这些信息将与研究参与者(在El Cuete和K01研究中)提供的定位器信息进行比较，以确定其他网络联系。社交网络数据将通过1)连接同行推荐，2)通过招募票证ID链接个人，以及3)将IDU网络成员信息与参与者定位表上的信息相匹配来创建，以识别其他联系。参与者还将为他/她花费1/2时间、购买毒品、使用毒品和社交的地点提供地理编码点数。这一建议的发现将对招募隐藏人群产生影响，并将指导未来多层次的发展 减少艾滋病毒传播和增加自愿药物治疗准入的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) will provide the specific training, mentorship, and protected time required to facilitate the candidate's transition to research independence. Her training objectives are to develop advanced skills in geographic information systems (GIS) and sociometric network analysis, receive further training in the ethical conduct of research, particularly in international/cross-cultural settings and acquire skills in grant-writing and collaborative research. These training aims will be accomplished through a combination of didactic coursework and specialized workshops, instruction in the responsible conduct of research, directed readings with mentors, and meetings with training committee members who are nationally and internationally renowned experts in HIV, substance abuse, border health, GIS, and social networks research. The research aims fit well with NIDA's mission to bring "the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction" and will be carried out through a study partially embedded in an existing study, El Cuete (R37 DA019829; PI: Strathdee). The specific aims of the proposed research are to: 1) develop GIS models to examine the relationship between neighborhood (colonia) characteristics and clustering of a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry, 2) identify sociometric network attributes associated with a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry and 3) build a multi-level geographically weighted model to examine the independent and combined influence of colonia and sociometric network correlates on a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry. Sixteen "seeds" from 8 different colonias in Tijuana, Mexico will be selected from those recently enrolled in El Cuete to initiate the peer recruitment of 300 additional IDUs for the K01 study. To promote geographic diversity in the K01 sample, seeds will be required to report greater mobility (live, inject, and/or buy drugs in >1 colonia). To facilitate peer recruitmnt and the identification of all network ties (a sociometric network), participants will receive 10 recruitment tickets (with a unique recruiter ID, distinct from his/her study ID) and more if needed to distribute to IDU network members. IDU network members may be accompanied to the study site by their recruiter (peer-referral); if they arrive alone, they must correctly identify their per recruiter. Participants will also provide information about IDU network members which will be compared with locator information provided by study participants (in El Cuete and the K01 study) to identify additional network ties. Sociometric network data will be created by 1) connecting peer referrals, 2) linking individuals via recruitment ticket IDs, and 3) matching IDU network member information with that on participant locator forms to identify additional ties. Participants will also provide geocodable points for the locations where he/she spends > 1/2 of his/her time, buys drugs, uses drugs, and socializes. Findings from this proposal will have implications for recruiting hidden populations and will guide the development of future multi-level interventions to reduce HIV transmission and increase voluntary drug treatment entry.