Central Factors in Auditory Masking

7.项目总结/摘要 这项工作的目的是为了更好地了解沟通 感音神经性听力损失患者在复杂的， 多频带声学环境。本研究的基本前提是 基于的是，这种困难很大程度上是由于周围听觉之间的相互作用， 损失和更集中的流程负责源隔离， 注意力分散和工作记忆。在理论层面上，我们认为， 声源之间的竞争可以根据以下区别来表征 掩蔽的两种基本机制之间：能量掩蔽，这主要是由于 听觉周围的重叠兴奋模式;以及信息掩蔽， 这是由于听觉神经系统在后期阶段的加工限制造成的。 系统和大脑。这种区别在影响“简单”的听觉任务中普遍存在。 检测、辨别和识别以及语音识别。一般来说， 掩蔽中的外周和中枢因素都影响掩蔽的形成、维持和 相关听觉事件序列的处理，或“流”和主题 贯穿本书的目的是更全面地理解顺序信息的处理过程。 这里所采取的方法是试图评估充满活力和 信息掩蔽对各种任务的性能提出了不同的要求 听觉系统的水平。长期目标是发展一个综合的理论， 听觉掩蔽，通常解释能量和信息掩蔽， 成功预测耳蜗听力损失的后果。

7. Project Summary/Abstract The purpose of this work is to obtain a better understanding of the communication difficulties experienced by listeners with sensorineural hearing loss in complex, multisource acoustic environments. The basic premise upon which this research is based is that much of this difficulty is due to an interaction between peripheral hearing loss and more centrally-based processes responsible for source segregation, focused and divided attention, and working memory. On a theoretical level, our view is that the competition between sound sources may be characterized according to a distinction between two basic mechanisms of masking: energetic masking, which is primarily due to overlapping patterns of excitation in the auditory periphery; and informational masking, which results from the limitations on processing at later stages in the auditory nervous system and brain. This distinction is pervasive in auditory tasks affecting "simple" detection, discrimination and identification, and speech recognition. On a general level, both peripheral and central factors in masking affect the formation, maintenance, and processing of sequences of related auditory events, or "streams" and a theme throughout this work is to understand more fully the processing of sequential information. The approach taken here is to attempt to evaluate the influences of energetic and informational masking on performance in a variety of tasks placing demands at different levels oaf the auditory system. The long-range goal is to develop an integrated theory of auditory masking that accounts for energetic and informational masking generally and successfully predicts the consequences of cochlear hearing loss.