Systems-level interactions underlying valence coding in olfaction

嗅觉中价编码的系统级相互作用

• 批准号: 8755418
• 负责人: Joost Maier
• 金额: $ 16.2万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-05 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8755418
• 关键词: Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Breathing; Catheters; Cell physiology; Clinical; Code; Complex; Data; Disease; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Emotions; Fiber Optics; Food Preferences; Generations; Image; Implant; Learning; Light; Literature; Memory; Molecular; Monitor; Neurons; Nose; Odors; Olfactory Cortex; Pattern; Perception; Play; Procedures; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Rattus; Recovery; Research; Respiration; Role; Scheme; Serotyping; Smell Perception; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Syndrome; System; Taste Perception; Techniques; Testing; Training; Ursidae Family; Validity of Results; Virus; Work; base; behavior measurement; design; experience; human subject; novel; olfactory stimulus; optogenetics; piriform cortex; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; sweet taste perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smell perception serves to provide information not only about odor quality (i.e., what the odor is), but also about the emotional meaning of the odor to an observer: besides being potentially musky or fruity, odors can be experienced as pleasant or aversive, dependent in part on past experience of the observer. Brain imaging research in human subjects has demonstrated that olfactory cortex-owing to its connectivity to neural systems involved in learning, memory and emotion-plays a central role in representing odor valence. However, the cellular processes underlying the transformation of odor quality coding to behaviorally-relevant odor valence coding is as of yet unknown. The present proposal combines electrophysiological recordings with behavioral measures of odor valence to probe responses of small ensembles of olfactory cortical neurons to a set of odors with a known range of valences. A first set of experiments is designed to test how and when valence-related neural firing patterns appear in olfactory cortex. Based on previous work from our lab investigating valence coding in the taste system, the specific hypothesis is that odor quality and valence are both encoded in the dynamic response patterns of single olfactory cortex neurons. The validity of the results obtained from these experiments will then be tested by changing the valence of an odor-pairing it with sweet taste, and observing whether the previously- identified valence-related response patterns change accordingly. Finally, the source of valence-related firing patterns will be determined by combining optogenetic inactivation of a range of candidate regions with electrophysiological recordings of odor responses in olfactory cortex. Guided by the extant literature as well as a wealth of preliminary data, inactivation of taste cortex, the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex is hypothesized to affect valence-related firing patterns in olfactory cortex. The results obtained from these experiments will influence our understanding of emotion, memory, and a variety of clinical syndromes known to affect perception of valenced stimuli (most notably autism).

描述（由申请人提供）：气味感知不仅用于提供关于气味质量的信息（即，气味是什么），而且还与气味对观察者的情感意义有关：除了潜在的麝香味或果香味之外，气味可以被体验为令人愉快的或令人厌恶的，部分取决于观察者过去的经验。对人类受试者的脑成像研究表明，嗅觉皮层由于其与涉及学习、记忆和情感的神经系统的连接，在代表气味效价方面发挥着核心作用。然而，气味质量编码到行为相关气味价编码的细胞过程是未知的。本建议结合电生理记录与行为措施的气味价探测小合奏的嗅觉皮层神经元的一组气味与一个已知的范围内的价的反应。第一组实验的目的是测试如何以及何时价相关的神经放电模式出现在嗅觉皮层。基于我们实验室以前研究味觉系统中价编码的工作，具体的假设是气味质量和价都编码在单个嗅觉皮层神经元的动态响应模式中。从这些实验中获得的结果的有效性将通过改变气味的化合价来测试-将其与甜味配对，并观察先前识别的与化合价相关的响应模式是否相应地改变。最后，将通过将一系列候选区域的光遗传学失活与嗅觉皮层中气味反应的电生理记录相结合来确定与价相关的放电模式的来源。现有的文献以及大量的初步数据的指导下，失活的味觉皮层，杏仁核和眶额皮质被假设影响价相关的放电模式在嗅觉皮层。 从这些实验中获得的结果将影响我们对情感、记忆和各种临床综合征的理解，这些综合征已知会影响对有价刺激的感知（最明显的是自闭症）。