Meta-Analysis of Positive Psychology Interventions for Cancer (MAPPIC)

描述（由申请人提供）：积极心理学结构，如积极影响，意义和目的，以及自我效能，代表了癌症患者和幸存者固有的人类功能领域，与更好的健康结果显著相关，并且独特于痛苦和功能障碍的影响。最近的系统性综述和荟萃分析强调了心理社会干预对减少癌症患者抑郁、疼痛和疲劳等负面影响的重要性，但我们缺乏对干预措施促进和维持健康的潜在独特益处的类似分析。随着越来越多的人在癌症中生存甚至茁壮成长，了解癌症的积极调整和增长是对癌症预防和控制研究中了解损伤，残疾和心理社会发病率的重要补充。本研究的目的是提供一个全面的总结和荟萃分析的干预措施，提高积极的影响，自我效能，意义和目的作为主要或次要的结果，并确定那些已最佳有益于癌症患者。我们提出三个具体目标：（1）获得当前、全面和可靠的心理干预措施的有效性评估，以促进积极的心理结果（积极情感，自我效能，意义和目的）在癌症患者和幸存者中，（2）确定心理社会干预促进积极情感，意义和目的的效果，和自我效能因干预类型而异（教育或技能为基础的方法），（3）检查干预设计之间的关系，（基于物理治疗证据数据库标准的研究质量）和患者社会人口统计学（性别、年龄、教育、种族/民族）作为社会心理干预与积极情感、意义和目的以及自我效能之间关系强度的调节因子。三个研究小组将开发和应用标准化的检索策略，系统地审查四个电子数据库，以确定符合选择标准的随机对照试验。将对每项研究应用标准化编码方案，计算并汇总个体效应量，以比较随机化前后的结局。将进行亚组分析，以检查效应调节因子。结果将确定干预措施的效用，以促进癌症患者和幸存者的积极心理结果，推进支持积极心理为基础的干预措施，促进癌症患者更好的健康和福祉的重要性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Positive psychology constructs such as positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy represent domains of human functioning that are inherently valued by cancer patients and survivors, significantly associated with better health outcomes, and unique from the influence of distress and dysfunction. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses highlight the importance of psychosocial interventions to reduce negative effects such as depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with cancer, but we lack similar analyses of the potential unique benefits of interventions to promote and sustain well-being. As more people survive and even thrive with cancer, understanding positive adjustment and growth in cancer is an important complement to understanding impairment, disability and psychosocial morbidity in cancer prevention and control research. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive summary and meta-analysis of interventions that enhance positive affect, self-efficacy, and meaning and purpose as primary or secondary outcomes and to identify those that have been optimally beneficial for patients with cancer. We propose three specific aims: (1) To obtain, a current, comprehensive, and robust estimate of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to promote positive psychological outcomes (positive affect, self-efficacy, meaning and purpose) among cancer patients and survivors, (2) To determine whether the effects of psychosocial interventions to promote positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy differ by the type of intervention (education- or skills-based approaches), (3) To examine the relationship between intervention design (study quality based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database criteria) and patient sociodemographics (sex, age, education, race/ethnicity) as moderators of the strength of the relationship between psychosocial interventions and positive affect, meaning and purpose, and self-efficacy. Three teams of researchers will develop and apply standardized search strategies, systematically reviewing four electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials meeting selection criteria. Standardized coding schemes will be applied to each study, and individual effect sizes will be calculated and pooled to compare pre- and post-randomization outcomes. Subgroup analyses will be performed to examine moderators of effects. Results will identify the utility of interventions to promote positie psychological outcomes among cancer patients and survivors, advancing support for the importance of positive psychology-based interventions in promoting better health and well-being among patients with cancer.