Links between perceived discrimination, substance use, and sexual risk among Afri

描述（由申请人提供）：与全国平均水平相比，城市环境中的非洲裔美国人（AA）青少年经历了显着的心理健康差异，并且他们在少年司法系统中的代表性过高。少年犯中的精神健康障碍是社区样本的三倍，但缓刑期的少年犯不太可能接受治疗。恶化的负面结果，JO报告更危险的性行为，毒品和酒精的使用，并更有可能测试阳性的性传播疾病比非犯罪青年。AA男性不成比例地参与少年司法系统，特别容易受到伤害。 压力和健康状况不佳。这项研究将侧重于男性，因为在少年司法系统中，男性人数远远超过女性，特别是有色人种男性。种族歧视等社会决定因素会对身心健康产生负面影响。然而，感知到的歧视对青少年罪犯心理健康结果的影响还没有得到很好的理解。关于青少年犯罪者的歧视感和其他类型的问题行为（药物使用和危险性行为）的研究几乎不存在。此外，在涉及少数民族青年的预防和干预方案中，很少涉及所感知的歧视的作用。对社会压力源（如感知歧视）的认识不足可能导致AA JO缺乏持续的预防和干预效果。这种对二级数据的分析将研究感知歧视对芝加哥的非裔美国男性少年犯的共病（心理健康、物质使用和危险性行为）和积极发展（自尊和社会能力）的影响，这些少年犯参加了旨在减少芝加哥JO中危险性行为和物质使用的大型干预研究（R 01 MD 005861; Donenberg，PI）。本研究将运用一个基于文化的理论框架，探讨匿名戒酒男性工作者的心理弹性，即性格应对和事件应对的保护和促进价值，以及文化资源的保护和促进价值（例如，民族-种族认同）。对复原力的研究对于了解这些年轻人的发展轨迹如何改变至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African American (AA) adolescents in an urban context experience significant mental health disparities compared to the national average, and they are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system. Mental health disorders among juvenile offenders (JO) are three times higher than community samples, yet JO on probation are unlikely to receive treatment. Exacerbating negative outcomes, JO report more risky sexual behavior, drug and alcohol use, and are more likely to test positive for STIs than non-offending youth. AA males are disproportionately involved in the juvenile justice system and particularly vulnerable to stress and poor health outcomes. This study will focus on males given that males overwhelmingly outnumber females in the juvenile justice system, especially males of color. Societal determinants, such racial discrimination, can negatively impact mental and physical health. However, the impact of perceived discrimination on young offenders' mental health outcomes is not well understood. Studies on perceived discrimination and other types of problem behaviors among youth offenders (substance use and risky sexual behavior) are virtually nonexistent. Moreover, the role of perceived discrimination is rarely addressed in prevention and intervention programs involving ethnic minority youth. Poor understanding of social stressors, such as perceived discrimination, may contribute to the lack of sustained prevention and intervention effects for AA JO. This analysis of secondary data will examine the impact of perceived discrimination on comorbity (mental health, substance use, and risky sexual behavior), and positive development (self-esteem and social competence) among African American male juvenile offenders in Chicago who participated in larger intervention study designed to reduce risky sexual behavior and substance use among JO in Chicago (R01MD005861; Donenberg, PI). Using a culturally informed theoretical framework, the proposed study will examine how resilience transpires among AA male JO, namely the protective and promotive value of both dispositional and event-specific coping and the protective and promotive value of cultural resources (e.g., ethnic-racial identity) on adjustment. Research on resilience is essential to understanding how these young men's developmental trajectories may be changed.