Accomodation influences in strabismus

项目描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是研究眼调节在维持斜视猴子的不对准状态中的作用。斜视是一种早期发育障碍，其中两只眼睛的视觉轴不对齐导致双目立体视觉和深度感知的丧失。据估计，所有儿童中约有4%患有某种形式的斜视，使其成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。在超过35%的情况下，问题与住宿系统的错误有关。眼调节、收敛和瞳孔缩小是三种已知的运动反应，在清晰和单一的双眼视觉中起重要作用。调节和收敛系统之间存在已知的交叉联系，这种相互依赖关系已被研究其在斜视病因中的可能作用。然而，人们对斜视中调节系统和辐合系统之间的即时相互作用以及这可能如何影响斜视的动态状态缺乏清楚的认识。调节的动态测量和同时的眼动信息可以提供调节反应稳定性的信息，也可以深入了解斜视调节的神经控制。研究人员将使用远红外线光折射技术测量双眼调节，使用巩膜搜索线圈系统测量双眼精确运动，使用单电极细胞外神经记录仪测量猴在执行不同调节需求或不对准状态的行为任务时Edinger Westphal （EW）核的神经活动。这些方法将用于解决以下具体目标：1)确定失调状态动态变化与调节状态动态变化之间的相关性；2)确定Edinger Westphal核在维持感觉性斜视的错位状态中的作用。了解辐辏系统的调节驱动的作用以及可能影响斜视不对准状态的潜在神经机制将使我们更好地了解斜视的病因并对其进行管理。博士后培训更广泛的目标是为申请人提供必要的技术培训

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the project is to study the role of ocular accommodation in maintaining the state of misalignment in monkeys with strabismus. Strabismus is an early developmental disorder in which the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned resulting in loss of binocular stereopsis and depth perception. It is estimated that about 4% of all children have some form of strabismus making it a significant public health issue. Of this in more than 35% of the cases the problem is related to the errors in accommodation system. Ocular accommodation, convergence and miosis are three motor responses known to play an important role in clear and single binocular vision. There is a known cross-link between accommodation and convergence system and this interdependency has been studied for its possible role in the etiology of strabismus. However there is a lack of clear understanding of the moment-to-moment interactions between the accommodation and vergence systems in strabismus and how this might affect the dynamic state of strabismus. Dynamic measurement of accommodation along with simultaneous eye movement information can provide information about the stability of accommodative response and also provide insight into the neural control of accommodation in strabismus. Remote infrared photorefraction technique will be used to measure binocular accommodation, the scleral search coil system to measure accurate binocular eye movements, and single electrode extracellular neural recording to measure neural activity from Edinger Westphal (EW) nucleus while the monkey performs behavioral tasks that vary accommodative demand or the state of misalignment. These methodologies will be used to address the following specific goals: 1) to identify correlations between dynamic changes in state of misalignment and dynamic changes in accommodative state; 2) to determine the role of the Edinger Westphal nucleus in maintaining the state of misalignment in sensory induced strabismus. Understanding the role of the accommodative drive to the vergence system and the underlying neural mechanism that might influence the state of strabismic misalignment will enable us to better understand the etiology of strabismus and manage it. The broader objective of the postdoctoral fellowship training is to provide the applicant necessary technical training in accommodation control and its interaction with the oculomotor system in strabismus. The expectation is that this training will help in transitioning into an independent researcher.