Accomodation influences in strabismus

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是研究眼调节在维持斜视猴的未对准状态中的作用。斜视是一种早期发育障碍，其中两只眼睛的视轴不对齐，导致双眼立体视觉和深度感知的丧失。据估计，大约4%的儿童患有某种形式的斜视，使其成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。其中超过35%的情况下，问题与住宿系统的错误有关。眼调节、会聚和瞳孔缩小是三种已知在清晰和单双眼视觉中起重要作用的运动反应。在调节和会聚系统之间存在已知的交叉联系，并且已经研究了这种相互依赖性在斜视病因学中的可能作用。然而，目前对斜视调节系统和聚散系统之间的相互作用以及这种相互作用如何影响斜视的动态状态缺乏明确的认识。调节的动态测量沿着同时的眼球运动信息，可以提供关于斜视反应稳定性的信息，并且还提供对斜视调节的神经控制的洞察。远红外摄影验光技术将用于测量双眼调节，巩膜搜索线圈系统用于测量准确的双眼眼球运动，单电极细胞外神经记录用于测量来自Edinger Westphal（EW）核的神经活动，同时猴子执行改变重复需求或错位状态的行为任务。这些方法将用于解决以下具体目标：1）确定失准状态的动态变化与斜视状态的动态变化之间的相关性; 2）确定Edinger Westphal核在维持感觉诱发性斜视的失准状态中的作用。了解视向驱动对聚散系统的作用，以及可能影响斜视失准状态的潜在神经机制，将使我们能够更好地了解斜视的病因并对其进行管理。博士后奖学金培训的更广泛目标是为申请人提供必要的技术培训， 斜视的调节控制及其与眼神经系统的相互作用。期望是，这种培训将有助于过渡到一个独立的研究人员。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the project is to study the role of ocular accommodation in maintaining the state of misalignment in monkeys with strabismus. Strabismus is an early developmental disorder in which the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned resulting in loss of binocular stereopsis and depth perception. It is estimated that about 4% of all children have some form of strabismus making it a significant public health issue. Of this in more than 35% of the cases the problem is related to the errors in accommodation system. Ocular accommodation, convergence and miosis are three motor responses known to play an important role in clear and single binocular vision. There is a known cross-link between accommodation and convergence system and this interdependency has been studied for its possible role in the etiology of strabismus. However there is a lack of clear understanding of the moment-to-moment interactions between the accommodation and vergence systems in strabismus and how this might affect the dynamic state of strabismus. Dynamic measurement of accommodation along with simultaneous eye movement information can provide information about the stability of accommodative response and also provide insight into the neural control of accommodation in strabismus. Remote infrared photorefraction technique will be used to measure binocular accommodation, the scleral search coil system to measure accurate binocular eye movements, and single electrode extracellular neural recording to measure neural activity from Edinger Westphal (EW) nucleus while the monkey performs behavioral tasks that vary accommodative demand or the state of misalignment. These methodologies will be used to address the following specific goals: 1) to identify correlations between dynamic changes in state of misalignment and dynamic changes in accommodative state; 2) to determine the role of the Edinger Westphal nucleus in maintaining the state of misalignment in sensory induced strabismus. Understanding the role of the accommodative drive to the vergence system and the underlying neural mechanism that might influence the state of strabismic misalignment will enable us to better understand the etiology of strabismus and manage it. The broader objective of the postdoctoral fellowship training is to provide the applicant necessary technical training in accommodation control and its interaction with the oculomotor system in strabismus. The expectation is that this training will help in transitioning into an independent researcher.