Neural Response to Social Reward: Relationships with Depression Over Adolescence

描述（由申请人提供）：在青春期，抑郁症的发病率急剧增加-特别是在女孩中-在这个发育期，抑郁症与一系列负面的心理，社会，学术和经济后果有关。因此，青春期是一个关键时期，在此期间，以确定目前的神经生物标志物和风险，可能澄清抑郁症的发病机制。这项由Greg Hajcak Proudfit博士赞助的研究旨在描述奖励神经反应的亚型-以前与当前的抑郁症和未来抑郁症的风险有关-在8至14岁的女孩样本中。该项目将被添加到一项正在进行的R 01资助的研究（PI：Greg Hajcak Proudfit）中，其中收集了一些措施：参与者抑郁和青春期发育的自我报告和基于访谈的措施;基于访谈的孕产妇抑郁措施;激素措施;和与处理金钱奖励有关的ERP。本研究将增加一个任务来评估ERP对社会奖励的反应。使用结构方程模型，青春期和抑郁症将被建模为潜在变量。将进行分析，以将对社会奖励的神经反应与青春期和当前抑郁症的措施联系起来。还将评估对社会奖励的神经反应与母亲抑郁症史（抑郁症风险的既定标志）之间的关系，排除患有终身抑郁症的儿童参与者，以隔离风险的影响。其他分析将探讨在何种程度上的神经反应，以社会奖励解释独特的变化，在抑郁症时，占对金钱奖励的反应。拟议的研究计划将提供评估青春期发育方法（基于访谈，基于情绪和激素）的培训;儿童和青少年抑郁症的理论模型，神经相关因素和临床评估;成人抑郁症的临床评估;先进的统计技术;和脑电图处理的先进方法。这项研究将有助于加深对与正在进行的抑郁症和抑郁症风险相关的神经奖励处理机制的理解，并且正在研究的神经反应最终可能会被添加到儿童和青少年抑郁症的干预或筛查小组中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rates of depression increase drastically during puberty - particularly in girls - and depression during this developmental period is associated with a host of negative psychological, social, academic, and financial consequences. Puberty is therefore a critical time during which to identify neural biomarkers of current symptomatology and risk that may clarify the etiopathogenesis of depression. The proposed study, sponsored by Dr. Greg Hajcak Proudfit, aims to delineate subtypes of the neural response to rewards - which has previously been associated with both current depression and risk for future depression - in a sample of 8- to 14-year-old girls. This project will be added onto an ongoing R01-funded study (PI: Greg Hajcak Proudfit) in which a number of measures are collected: self-report and interview-based measures of depression and pubertal development in the participants; interview-based measures of maternal depression; hormonal measures; and ERPs relating to the processing of monetary rewards. The current study will add a task to assess the ERP response to social rewards. Using structural equation modeling, puberty and depression will be modeled as latent variables. Analyses will be conducted to relate the neural response to social rewards to measures of both puberty and current depression. The relationship between the neural response to social rewards and maternal history of depression - an established marker of risk for depression - will also be assessed, excluding child participants with lifetime depression in order to isolate the effects of risk. Additional analyses will explore the extent to which the neural response to social rewards explains unique variation in depression when accounting for the response to monetary rewards. The proposed research plan will provide training in methods of assessing pubertal development (interview-based, questionnaire-based, and hormonal); theoretical models, neural correlates, and clinical assessment of depression in children and adolescents; clinical assessment of depression in adults; advanced statistical techniques; and advanced methods of EEG processing. This research will contribute to an enhanced understanding of neural reward-processing mechanisms related to ongoing symptomatology and risk for depression, and the neural responses being studied may eventually be added to interventions or screening panels for depression in children and adolescents.