A Mixed Method Study of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Urban Tanzanian Men

说明（由申请人提供）：年龄在15至24岁之间的坦桑尼亚青年是艾滋病毒预防干预措施的关键目标人群，因为估计每年有15万坦桑尼亚人新感染艾滋病毒，艾滋病仍然是坦桑尼亚青年死亡的主要原因。针对青年男女的研究表明，艾滋病毒风险与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）之间存在明显关联，有效干预青年以减少IPV需要深入了解其决定因素。拟议的研究和培训奖学金的目标是让申请人获得技能和经验，成为一名独立的混合方法全球艾滋病毒和IPV研究人员。该奖学金的具体培训目标是：1)扩展申请人的定量技能，以进行多层次建模，以检查构成和上下文影响以及跨层次效果修改；2)提高申请人分析、解释和呈现定性研究结果的定性技能；3)以申请人在定量和定性方法方面的培训为基础，进一步发展这些技能，特别关注如何最有效地整合两种方法，并有效地呈现混合方法的研究成果。这些目标将通过课程学习、发起人Suzanne Maman博士的指导、参加研讨会和讲习班、负责任的研究行为方面的培训以及拟议研究项目的执行来实现。拟议的研究将在主办者的NIMH R01 （1R01MH098690-01）的背景下进行，多层次干预以降低坦桑尼亚男性网络中的艾滋病毒风险。在坦桑尼亚的达累斯萨拉姆，父母的研究正在评估一项针对高风险网络的干预措施，这些网络由年轻人组成，他们在稳定的社交俱乐部“营地”中社交。拟议研究的具体目的是：1)量化个人层面风险因素（教育、收入、对性别规范的态度、对IPV的态度和童年暴力经历）与坦桑尼亚城市青年男子IPV行为之间的关系；2)评估男性实施IPV的差异在多大程度上可归因于群体层面的因素（营地的集体效能和公平性别规范）；3)检验群体水平因素是否缓冲了个体水平危险因素与IPV发生之间的关系；4)将年轻男性对IPV的态度和行为置于背景中，并通过有目的地对男性进行抽样，并根据目标1-3所获得的定量结果进行深度访谈，详细阐述定量分析中发现的关系和相互作用。通过在混合方法研究计划中结合定量和定性方法，拟议的研究将彻底评估个人和群体层面的IPV犯罪预测因素，并将使艾滋病毒预防工作有效地纳入减少亲密伴侣犯罪的策略

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tanzanian youth, between the ages of 15 and 24 years, are a critical population to target with HIV prevention interventions since an estimated 150,000 Tanzanians are newly infected with HIV each year and AIDS remains the leading cause of death among Tanzanian youth. Research with young men and women has documented a clear association between HIV risk and intimate partner violence (IPV) and effectively intervening with youth to reduce IPV requires an in-depth understanding of its determinants. The goal of the proposed research and training fellowship is for the applicant to obtain the skills and experience to become an independent mixed methods global HIV and IPV researcher. The specific training goals of this fellowship are to 1) expand the applicant's quantitative skills to conduct multilevel modeling to examine both compositional and contextual influences and cross-level effect modification; 2) increase the applicant's qualitative skills to analyze, interpret, and present results of qualitative research; and 3) build upon the applicant's training in quantitative and qualitative methods to further develop these skills with a particular focus on how to most effectively integrate the two methodologies and effectively present mixed method research findings. These goals will be accomplished through coursework, mentorship by the sponsor, Dr. Suzanne Maman, attendance of seminars and workshops, training in the responsible conduct of research, and through the execution of the proposed research project. The proposed research will be conducted within the context of the sponsor's NIMH R01, A Multilevel Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk Among Networks of Men in Tanzania (1R01MH098690-01). The parent study is evaluating an intervention with high-risk networks of young men who socialize in stable social clubs called "camps" in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The specific aims of the proposed research study are to 1) quantify the association between individual-level level risk factors (education, income, attitudes towards gender norms, attitudes towards IPV, and experience of violence as a child) and perpetration of IPV among young urban Tanzanian men; 2) assess the degree to which variance in men's perpetration of IPV can be attributed to group-level factors (collective efficacy and equitable gender norms of the camps); 3) test whether the group-level factors buffer the relationship between individual-level risk factors and perpetration of IPV; and 4) contextualize the attitudes and perpetration of IPV among young men and elaborate on the relationships and interactions found in the quantitative analysis by purposively sampling men and conducting in-depth interviews informed by the quantitative findings obtained by addressing Aims 1-3. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods in a mixed methods research plan, the proposed study will thoroughly assess and contextualize individual- and group-level predictors of IPV perpetration and will allow HIV-prevention efforts to effectively incorporate strategies to reduce perpetration of intimate partner violence among Tanzanian youth.