A Mixed Method Study of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Urban Tanzanian Men

描述（由申请人提供）：坦桑尼亚青年，年龄在15至24岁之间，是艾滋病毒预防干预措施的关键目标人群，因为估计每年有15万坦桑尼亚人新感染艾滋病毒，艾滋病仍然是坦桑尼亚青年死亡的主要原因。对青年男女的研究表明，艾滋病毒风险与亲密伴侣暴力之间存在明显的联系，要有效干预青年以减少亲密伴侣暴力，就必须深入了解其决定因素。拟议的研究和培训奖学金的目标是让申请人获得技能和经验，成为一个独立的混合方法的全球艾滋病毒和IPV研究人员。该奖学金的具体培训目标是：1）扩展申请人进行多层次建模的定量技能，以检查成分和背景影响以及跨层次效应修正; 2）提高申请人分析，解释和呈现定性研究结果的定性技能;和3）基于申请人在定量和定性方法方面的培训，进一步发展这些技能，特别关注如何最有效地整合这两种方法，并有效地呈现混合方法研究结果。这些目标将通过课程，由赞助商，苏珊娜·马曼博士，研讨会和讲习班的出席，在负责任的研究行为的培训，并通过拟议的研究项目的执行辅导完成。拟议的研究将在申办者的NIMH R 01，一个多层次的干预措施，以减少艾滋病毒的风险之间的网络在坦桑尼亚（1 R 01 MH 098690 -01）的背景下进行。这项家长研究正在评估一项干预措施，该措施针对的是在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆一个名为“营地”的稳定社交俱乐部中社交的高风险年轻男性网络。拟议研究的具体目标是：1）量化个人水平风险因素之间的关联（教育、收入、对性别规范的态度、对IPV的态度以及儿童时期的暴力经历）和坦桑尼亚城市青年男子实施IPV的情况; 2）评估男性IPV犯罪的差异在多大程度上可以归因于群体因素（3）检验群体水平的因素是否缓冲了个体水平的危险因素与IPV犯下之间的关系;和4）将青年人对IPV的态度和实施情况置于背景中，并通过有目的的抽样，详细说明定量分析中发现的关系和相互作用在这方面，我们对男性进行了调查，并进行了深入的访谈，了解了通过实现目标1-3获得的定量结果。通过在混合方法研究计划中结合定量和定性方法，拟议的研究将彻底评估和情境化IPV犯罪的个人和群体预测因素，并将使艾滋病毒预防工作有效地纳入减少亲密伴侣犯罪的战略 坦桑尼亚青年的暴力行为。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tanzanian youth, between the ages of 15 and 24 years, are a critical population to target with HIV prevention interventions since an estimated 150,000 Tanzanians are newly infected with HIV each year and AIDS remains the leading cause of death among Tanzanian youth. Research with young men and women has documented a clear association between HIV risk and intimate partner violence (IPV) and effectively intervening with youth to reduce IPV requires an in-depth understanding of its determinants. The goal of the proposed research and training fellowship is for the applicant to obtain the skills and experience to become an independent mixed methods global HIV and IPV researcher. The specific training goals of this fellowship are to 1) expand the applicant's quantitative skills to conduct multilevel modeling to examine both compositional and contextual influences and cross-level effect modification; 2) increase the applicant's qualitative skills to analyze, interpret, and present results of qualitative research; and 3) build upon the applicant's training in quantitative and qualitative methods to further develop these skills with a particular focus on how to most effectively integrate the two methodologies and effectively present mixed method research findings. These goals will be accomplished through coursework, mentorship by the sponsor, Dr. Suzanne Maman, attendance of seminars and workshops, training in the responsible conduct of research, and through the execution of the proposed research project. The proposed research will be conducted within the context of the sponsor's NIMH R01, A Multilevel Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk Among Networks of Men in Tanzania (1R01MH098690-01). The parent study is evaluating an intervention with high-risk networks of young men who socialize in stable social clubs called "camps" in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The specific aims of the proposed research study are to 1) quantify the association between individual-level level risk factors (education, income, attitudes towards gender norms, attitudes towards IPV, and experience of violence as a child) and perpetration of IPV among young urban Tanzanian men; 2) assess the degree to which variance in men's perpetration of IPV can be attributed to group-level factors (collective efficacy and equitable gender norms of the camps); 3) test whether the group-level factors buffer the relationship between individual-level risk factors and perpetration of IPV; and 4) contextualize the attitudes and perpetration of IPV among young men and elaborate on the relationships and interactions found in the quantitative analysis by purposively sampling men and conducting in-depth interviews informed by the quantitative findings obtained by addressing Aims 1-3. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods in a mixed methods research plan, the proposed study will thoroughly assess and contextualize individual- and group-level predictors of IPV perpetration and will allow HIV-prevention efforts to effectively incorporate strategies to reduce perpetration of intimate partner violence among Tanzanian youth.