Optogenetic treatment of epilepsyassociated

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A substantial proportion of individuals with epilepsy suffer from depression but the mechanisms underlying epilepsy-associated depression (EAD) are not understood. Such a level of understanding is essential for designing new modalities for the treatment and prevention of EAD. Our previous work showed that animals that develop epilepsy as result of status epilepticus (SE) develop behavioral symptoms of despair and hopelessness. These animals show decreased evoked serotonin levels in cortex and hippocampus but the cause of decreased serotonin levels in epileptic animals is still not understood. The excitatory projection from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the RN plays an essential role in the top-down control of serotonin release, and activating this system can rescue depression-related behaviors. We therefore hypothesize that this prefrontal input is weakened in animals with epilepsy and that optogenetic methods can be used increase excitatory drive from the remaining prefrontal inputs to normalize serotonin levels and treat EAD. The main goal of this proposal is to explore optogenetic stimulation of long-range inputs into serotonergic RN as a novel therapeutic proof-of-principle approach for effective management of EAD. We will use cutting edge in-vivo optogenetic techniques, behavioral studies, and electrophysiology to find convergent evidence for the role of long-range projections in depression in epilepsy. Specifically we will test the hypothesis that EAD is characterized by the diminished excitatory drive from mPFC into the RN and that normalizing the function of the mPFC-RN pathway exerts antidepressant effects in animals with chronic epilepsy and concurrent depression.