HIV associated tuberculosis training program

HIV相关结核病培训计划

• 批准号: 8708239
• 负责人: Graeme Ayton Meintjes
• 金额: $ 3.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-09 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8708239
• 关键词: Address; Africa; Applications Grants; Area; Award; Bioinformatics; Cause of Death; Clinical Trials; Country; Data; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Distance Learning; Doctor of Philosophy; Drug Kinetics; Drug resistance; Epidemiology; Faculty; Fellowship; Goals; Grant; HIV; Home environment; Immune response; Immunology; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Institution; Joints; Lifting; Manuscripts; Methodology; North Carolina; Pathogenesis; Patients; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacogenomics; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevention; Preventive; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Role; South Africa; Time; Training; Training Programs; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Universities; Writing; career; experience; genome sequencing; isoniazid; mathematical model; meetings; member; next generation; novel; pathogen; programs; skills; symposium; treatment program; tuberculosis drugs; tuberculosis treatment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): HIV-associated tuberculosis is the greatest public health challenge facing South Africa and many other countries in Africa. Over 6 million people are HIV infected in SA. HIV has driven a resurgence of TB and incidence rates approach 1% per annum. HIV co-infection is present in over 50% of TB cases giving rise to specific challenges in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. HIV-associated TB is the most common cause of death in SA. The University of Cape Town (UCT) is a global leader in HIV-associated TB with over 20 years experience of research and training. Particular strengths in the following areas exist: clinical trials (including treatment of TB-IRIS, the role of isoniazid preventive therpy in patients on ART, and trials of novel TB vaccines in HIV-infected individuals); the pharmacokinetics of ART and TB drugs, and pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic relationships of TB drugs; TB diagnostics in patients with HIV co-infection; the immune response to TB in HIV-infected patients; the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS; the immunology and diagnosis of latent TB in HIV-infected patients; and the impact of ART on the epidemiology of HIV-associated TB. Strong and productive relationships exist with the partnering institutions on this application (Johns Hopkins, University of North Carolina and Vanderbilt) in HIV-associated TB research and training. There are many unanswered and emerging research questions in the HIV-associated TB field, as drug resistance in both pathogens increases and treatment programs evolve. The next generation of researchers at UCT needs to be developed. In addition, we have identified several under-developed areas in our HIV-associated TB research platform that if addressed will lift our research to a higher level. Areas include mathematical modelling, advanced biostatistical capacity focussed on HIV-associated TB, bioinformatics skills for analysis of whole genome sequence and pharmacogenomics data and operational research. A 2 year planning process is proposed that will allow UCT with the 3 partner institutions to systematically document current HIV-associated TB research and training at UCT, define training needs and identify training programs and opportunities to meet these needs as well as synergies with existing training programs. A report of this process will be written and 2 symposia will be held that include partnering institutions. A D43 Fogarty Training Program grant application will be submitted. The envisaged training program will be focussed on PhD/post-doctoral fellowships awarded to high achieving early career researchers through competitive application processes. These fellowships will be co-supervised by faculty members at UCT and partnering US institutions in areas that specifically address UCT's research gaps. Fellows will spend defined periods of time in the US receiving training in skills and methodologies where this is not possible at UCT. Training courses in grant/manuscript writing and operational research and distance learning programs will also be included. We will identify 2 or 3 partnering universities in Africa with the goal of addressing their HIV-associated TB training needs in the form of joint training with UCT and home institutions. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：艾滋病毒相关结核病是南非和非洲许多其他国家面临的最大公共卫生挑战。南非有600多万人感染艾滋病毒。艾滋病毒导致结核病的重新抬头，发病率接近每年1%。50%以上的结核病例中存在艾滋病毒合并感染，这给预防、诊断和治疗带来了具体挑战。艾滋病毒相关结核病是南非最常见的死亡原因。开普敦大学（UCT）是艾滋病毒相关结核病的全球领导者，拥有20多年的研究和培训经验。我们在以下领域具有特殊优势：临床试验（包括TB-IRIS的治疗、异烟肼预防性疗法在接受ART的患者中的作用以及新型TB疫苗在HIV感染者中的试验）; ART和TB药物的药代动力学以及TB药物的药代动力学-药效学关系; HIV合并感染患者的TB诊断; HIV感染患者对TB的免疫应答; TB-IRIS的发病机制; HIV感染患者潜伏性TB的免疫学和诊断;以及ART对HIV相关TB流行病学的影响。在艾滋病毒相关结核病研究和培训方面，与这一应用的伙伴机构（约翰霍普金斯、北卡罗来纳州和范德比尔特）建立了牢固和富有成效的关系。随着两种病原体耐药性的增加和治疗方案的发展，在艾滋病毒相关结核病领域有许多未回答的和新出现的研究问题。UCT的下一代研究人员需要培养。此外，我们还确定了艾滋病毒相关结核病研究平台中的几个欠发达领域，如果这些领域得到解决，将把我们的研究提升到更高的水平。领域包括数学建模、侧重于艾滋病毒相关结核病的高级生物统计能力、用于分析全基因组序列和药物基因组学数据的生物信息学技能以及业务研究。提出了一个为期2年的规划过程，使UCT与3个伙伴机构能够系统地记录UCT当前的艾滋病毒相关结核病研究和培训，确定培训需求，确定满足这些需求的培训计划和机会，以及与现有培训计划的协同作用。将编写一份关于这一进程的报告，并将举行两次有伙伴机构参加的专题讨论会。将提交D43福格蒂培训计划赠款申请。设想的培训计划将侧重于博士/博士后奖学金，通过竞争性申请程序授予高成就的早期职业研究人员。这些奖学金将由UCT的教职员工和合作的美国机构共同监督，专门解决UCT的研究差距。研究员将在美国接受技能和方法方面的培训，这是不可能的 在UCT。还将包括赠款/手稿写作和业务研究以及远程学习方案的培训课程。我们将在非洲确定2至3所合作大学，目标是通过与UCT和本国机构联合培训的形式，满足其与艾滋病毒相关的结核病培训需求。1