Epidemiology, Clinical Trials adn Outcomes Research in Nephrology

描述(申请人提供)：慢性肾脏病(CKD)在美国是一个公共卫生问题。来自国家卫生研究院和医学研究所的报告建议加强医生在临床研究方法方面的培训计划，以将基础科学的进步转化为健康的改善。这项申请是为了更新十年前在塔夫茨医学中心和塔夫茨大学医学院威廉·B·施瓦茨肾脏病学部设立的“流行病学、临床试验和结果研究”培训计划。医学博士安德鲁·S·利维和医学博士马克·J·萨纳克将分别担任项目主任和副项目主任。拟议的培训计划的独特之处在于，它将肾病学家的培训与尖端临床研究的杰出记录以及流行病学、生物统计学和卫生服务研究方面的知名科学家的培训结合在一起。教师监督与内部和外部顾问的监督相辅相成，包括与慢性肾脏病相关的高级临床研究人员和公共卫生领域的世界领袖。 具体的目标没有改变，但其执行力已经大大加强，因为肾脏病学部研究的增长和成熟以及塔夫茨临床和翻译科学研究所的创建，由美国国立卫生研究院资助：1)完成塔夫茨大学萨克勒生物医学研究生院临床研究硕士学位的教学培训课程工作，有3个新的重点领域。2)独立研究--一项以假设为基础的研究项目，由一名肾病学家导师和一支在其他学科具有专业知识的教员组成的研究团队监督。肾病学教授和他们的合作者拥有数据库和正在进行的研究，可以作为学员研究项目的主题，现在包括急性肾脏损伤和遗传流行病学。3)介绍和出版方面的培训--参加旨在改善受训人员口头和书面陈述的会议和研讨会，现在包括医学编辑经验。肾病学家导师确保将课程的所有方面与受训者的研究项目相结合。 过去4年所有16个核准的实习生职位都已填补。在此期间，其他来源还为另外14个受训人员职位提供了支助。2009年，还填补了4个核定职位；收到了2个新职位的85份申请。自该项目成立以来完成该项目的41名学员中，26人留在了学术医学领域，5人在行业或政府部门，9人进入了临床实践，1人仍在他的临床研究员中。今后5年，要求每年更新4个培训职位。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem in the US. Reports from the National Institutes of Health and Institute of Medicine recommend strengthening training programs for physicians in the methods of clinical research to translate advances in basic science to improvements in health. This application is to renew the training program in "Epidemiology, Clinical Trials and Outcomes Research" established ten years ago within the William B. Schwartz Division of Nephrology at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine. Andrew S. Levey, MD and Mark J. Sarnak, MD, MS remain the Program Director and Associate Program Director, respectively. The proposed training program is unique in that it combines training by nephrologists with outstanding records in cutting-edge clinical research and by established scientists in epidemiology, biostatistics and health services research. Faculty supervision is complemented by oversight by internal and external advisors, including senior clinical investigators and world leaders in public health related to CKD. The specific aims are unchanged but their execution has been substantially strengthened by growth and maturation of research in the Division of Nephrology and the creation of the Tufts Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, funded by the NIH: 1) Didactic Training - course work in fulfillment of the MS degree in the Graduate Program in Clinical Research at the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University, with 3 new areas of concentration. 2) Independent Study - an hypothesis-based research project supervised by a nephrologist mentor and a research team of faculty with expertise in other disciplines. Nephrology faculty and their collaborators have databases and ongoing studies that can serve as the subject of the trainees' research projects, now including acute kidney injury and genetic epidemiology. 3) Training in Presentation and Publication - participation in conferences and seminars designed to improve trainees' oral and written presentations, now including experience in medical editing. Integration of all aspects of the curriculum with trainees' research projects is ensured by the nephrologist mentors. All 16 approved trainee positions in the past 4 years have been filled. An additional 14 trainee positions have been supported by other sources during this time. For 2009, 4 approved slots have also been filled; 85 applications were received for the 2 new positions. Of the 41 trainees who have completed the program since its inception, 26 have remained in academic medicine, 5 are in industry or government, and 9 have entered clinical practice and 1 is still in his clinical fellowship. Renewal of 4 training positions per year is requested for the next 5 years.