ESTIMA: Economic and Social Empowerment To Increase Upwards Mobility among Women

ESTIMA：经济和社会赋权以提高女性的向上流动性

• 批准号: 8790331
• 负责人: Elizabeth Ann Reed
• 金额: $ 18.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-19 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8790331
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adherence; Adverse event; Affect; Border Crossings; Businesses; Capital; Child; Cities; Client; Communities; Confidentiality; Control Groups; Data; Dependence; Drug usage; Economic Conditions; Economic Development; Economics; Ensure; Ethics; Evaluation; Evaluation Methodology; Family; Feedback; Female; Focus Groups; Future; Gender; Goals; HIV; HIV risk; HIV/STD; Health; Incidence; Income; International; Intervention; Interview; Latin America; Life; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Methodology; Mexican; Mexico; Monitor; Needles; Outcome; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Police; Poverty; Prevalence; Prevention program; Program Appropriateness; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Security; Social Power; South Africa; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Unsafe Sex; Violence; Waiting Lists; Woman; Work; arm; base; condoms; design; empowerment; experience; follow-up; male; programs; public health relevance; satisfaction; sex; sexual violence; skills; social; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given the increasing recognition of the contribution of structural-level factors (e.g. gendered economic and social power imbalances) on both HIV and gender-based violence (GBV) among women, and thereby, the need for interventions that aim to alter such structures within communities, I have developed the proposed training to provide an opportunity for me to expand my work on the intersection of GBV and HIV by: 1) developing new skills related to structural-level interventions that specifically focus on economic promotion among women, and 2) enhancing my expertise related to the implementation and rigorous evaluation of structural interventions to address these issues. Notably, developing new skills and receiving training in methodologies (e.g. evaluation, measurement) related to structural-level interventions that specifically focus on economic promotion among women will provide me with a unique skill set possessed by only a handful of researchers in the field, particularly among researchers focusing on both GBV and HIV. The training aims will be accomplished through a combination of formal and/or informal coursework in economic development strategies and measures, structural interventions, and rigorous evaluation methodologies, as well as practical experience in the implementation and evaluation of a structural intervention. The proposed research aims to pilot a multi-strategy structural intervention combining community mobilization to promote gender equity alongside an economic intervention (microfinance and business training) in order to reduce gender-based violence and HIV risk among female sex workers (FSW) in Tijuana, Mexico. The program will be called ESTIMA: "Empowerment of Sex workers to Increase Social and Economic Mobility. The evaluation will employ a randomized controlled design, recruiting FSW (n=120, 60 in each arm) who will be randomized to: 1) ESTIMA (gender equity/community mobilization program and economic intervention) or 2) a wait-list control group. For this preliminary work, at 12 months follow-up, w hypothesize that compared to control participants, intervention participants will have: 1) significantly greater economic security (e.g. decreased debt, increased income, decreased number of sex trades) and 2) significantly greater perceived collective power (i.e. collective efficacy) to address gendered power imbalances within social structures and the community. The long-term goal of this program, upon future refinement and large scale implementation, is to reduce HIV risk behaviors, STI/HIV, GBV, and ultimately, alleviate a multitude of health burdens among women. Furthermore, we expect that such work will highlight the need for HIV prevention initiatives in Mexico, and elsewhere, to more broadly consider women's 'life contexts' - addressing economic and social burdens in women's lives, to reduce the burden of poverty, gender, and HIV, as well as the intersection of these among women.

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given the increasing recognition of the contribution of structural-level factors (e.g. gendered economic and social power imbalances) on both HIV and gender-based violence (GBV) among women, and thereby, the need for interventions that aim to alter such structures within communities, I have developed the proposed training to provide an opportunity for me to expand my work on the intersection of GBV and HIV by: 1) developing new skills related to特别关注妇女经济促进的结构水平干预措施，以及2）增强与实施和严格评估结构干预措施以解决这些问题有关的专业知识。值得注意的是，开发新技能并接受与结构水平的干预措施有关的方法学（例如评估，测量），这些干预措施特别关注妇女的经济促进，将为我提供仅在该领域的一些研究人员所拥有的独特技能，尤其是专注于GBV和HIV的研究人员。培训目标将通过在经济发展策略和措施，结构干预和严格的评估方法以及在结构干预实施和评估方面的实践经验中的正式和/或非正式课程结合来实现。 拟议的研究旨在试行一项多策略结构干预措施，将社区动员结合起来，以促进性别平等以及经济干预（小额信贷和商业培训），以减少墨西哥蒂华纳的女性性工作者（FSW）中基于性别的暴力和艾滋病毒风险。该计划将被称为估计：“赋予性工作者的能力以提高社会和经济流动性。该评估将采用随机控制的设计，招募FSW（n = 120，60），他们将随机分配到：1）估算（1）估算（性别平等/社区动员计划和经济干预）或经济干预）或2个月份的耐候性工作。参与者将有：1）明显更高的经济安全（例如，债务减少，增加的性交易数量减少）和2）明显更大的集体权力（即集体效能），以解决社会结构内的性别不平衡问题，以实现这一计划的长期目标，以降低较大规模的实施，并降低HIV风险行为。此外，妇女的健康负担很多。