Process Development on a Schistosomiasis Vaccine, SchistoShield???

描述（由申请人提供）：血吸虫病是一种主要的被忽视的热带疾病，涉及10亿人的公共卫生问题，目前有2亿人感染， 感染的风险，其中大多数在非洲。这种疾病对受影响者的生活有很大影响，残疾调整寿命年为7 000万年，这使这种疾病排在疟疾之前。目前的控制策略已被调整为重复使用20世纪70年代发现的药物，监测管理和进展的标准不一致和不充分。仅仅依靠药物治疗方法是一种糟糕的策略，因为这种方法对减少疾病传播的影响很小，而且寄生虫总是存在产生抗药性的内在威胁。提供至少50%保护的预防性血吸虫病疫苗将在显着减少这种疾病的影响方面发挥重要作用。疫苗产生的免疫反应可能导致蠕虫负担减少和产卵减少，最终导致传播减少。这种应用是我们开发血吸虫病疫苗的系统和方法的延伸。在过去的二十年里，我们已经将这种策略应用于将Sm-p80开发成可行的候选疫苗。目前，据我们所知，Sm-p80是唯一一种已被测试用于预防、阻断传播和治疗的抗病毒疫苗候选物。我们的候选疫苗有三种保护作用：减少蠕虫，减少虫卵，以及预防急性疾病。资助这项申请将有助于我们继续努力开发Sm-p80，用于未来的人体临床试验，最终获得批准的疫苗。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease of public health concern to a billion people with 200 million currently infected and 779 million at risk to acquire the infection, the majority of these in Africa. The disease has a high impact on affected people's lives with disability adjusted life years at 70 million years which rank this malady ahead of malaria. Current control strategies have been geared toward repeated with a drug discovered in the 1970s and standards for monitoring administration and progress have been inconsistent and inadequate. Reliance on the drug therapy approach alone is a poor strategy since this approach has had little impact on the reduction of disease transmission and there is always the inherent threat of drug resistance being developed by the parasite. A prophylactic schistosomiasis vaccine that provides at least 50% protection would play an important role in dramatically reducing the impact of this disease. Vaccine-generated immune responses could lead to reduced worm burdens and lower egg production and ultimately result in lower transmission. This application is an extension of our systematic and methodical approach towards developing a vaccine for schistosomiasis. Over the last twenty years, we have applied this strategy towards developing Sm-p80 into a viable vaccine candidate. At present, to our knowledge, Sm- p80 is the sole schistosome vaccine candidate that has been tested for prevention, interruption of transmission and in therapy. Our candidate vaccine has three protective effects: worm reduction, egg reduction, and protection against acute disease. Funding this application will help our continuing efforts to develop Sm-p80 towards manufacture for future human clinical trials, ultimately resulting in an approved vaccine.