Mechanisms of drug resistance in Myeloproliferative neoplasms treated with JAK2 i

描述（由申请人提供）：造血干细胞中组成型活性JAK 2激酶的表达足以诱导小鼠骨髓增殖性肿瘤（MPN），为开发JAK 2靶向疗法铺平了道路。JAK 2抑制剂（INCB 018424和TG 101348）在治疗MPN患者中的近期临床成功是有希望的，并且这两种临床药物很可能将被FDA批准用于治疗JAK 2介导的疾病。鉴于激酶的结构可塑性和对激酶抑制剂治疗的耐药性的出现，我们预计对JAK 2抑制剂的耐药性也将发展。此外，我们目前对JAK 2调控机制的理解是推测性的。例如，体细胞突变如何激活激酶尚未完全了解，这限制了我们开发有效的治疗方法。突变研究与计算机结构建模相结合，提供了更好的结构-功能见解，患者管理和药物设计。为此，我们建议鉴定JAK 2临床抑制剂的耐药突变，以了解耐药机制和JAK 2调控机制。我们的初步数据表明，与TG 101348相比，对INCB 018424的抗性频率更高，表明它们对不同激酶构象的选择性。我们假设这些抑制剂将选择不同的突变星座，并可能相互补充，以抑制耐药性的发展。在这项研究中，我们建议进行突变研究，再加上生化和结构表征，以了解耐药性和JAK 2调控的机制，这将有助于我们的患者诊断，药物设计和开发战略，以打击临床耐药性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The expression of constitutively active JAK2 kinase in hematopoietic stem cells is sufficient to induce myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in mice paved the way for developing JAK2-targeted therapies. Recent clinical success of JAK2 inhibitors (INCB018424 and TG101348) in the treatment of MPN patients are promising, and most likely these two clinical agents will be approved by FDA for the treatment of JAK2 mediated disorders. Given the structural plasticity in kinases and emergence of resistance to kinase inhibitor therapy we anticipate that resistance to JAK2 inhibitors will develop as well. Additionally, our current understandings of JAK2 regulatory mechanisms are speculative. For instance, how somatic mutations activate the kinase is not fully understood that limits us to develop efficient therapeutic development. Mutagenesis studies coupled with in silico structural modeling provide greater structural-functional insights, patient management and drug design. Toward this end, we propose to identify the drug resistant mutations for JAK2 clinical inhibitors to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and JAK2 regulatory mechanisms. Our preliminary data suggests that the frequency of resistance against INCB018424 is higher as compared to TG101348 suggesting their selectivity for distinct kinase conformations. We hypothesize that these inhibitors will select for different constellation of mutations and may complement each other to suppress the development of resistance. In this study, we propose to perform mutational studies coupled with biochemical and structural characterization to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and JAK2 regulation that will help us patient diagnosis, drug design and developing strategies to combat clinical resistance.