Tobacco and Alcohol Use Trajectories in Sexual-Minority Emerging Adults

项目摘要 新兴的成年人，通常被称为18至25岁的人，1，2报告的患病率很高 与美国其他年龄组相比，过去一个月吸烟和重度间歇性饮酒的比例3 -6 性少数群体（SM;包括女同性恋者、男同性恋者和双性恋者，以及那些有同性行为的人， 与完全异性恋的同龄人相比， 或每日吸烟者7 -12和偶尔大量饮酒。12 -15这些性取向差异开始于 17 -20尽管存在明显的差异， 物质使用的SM人群，很少有调查的物质使用轨迹，在新兴的 SM人群的成年期以及在这一过渡期内物质使用如何影响健康， 在成年后期的适应。此外，对早期风险的了解有限 SM新兴成年人的物质使用因素。因此，拟议的研究将采用一种发展的 第45 -47页，实证检验几个领域的早期风险和保护因素如何预测烟草 和酒精使用轨迹在成年初的SM人群，以及这些轨迹是如何，反过来， 与健康后果和成年后的适应结果有关。分析将使用 来自SM参与者的数据主要收集在成年期的今天成长研究中 （GUTS），一项始于1996年的大型国家队列研究。具体目标是：1）估计 SM人群成年期吸烟和饮酒的轨迹模式 来自儿童和青少年的预测烟草和酒精使用轨迹组的前因 3）衡量烟草和酒精的健康后果和成人调整结果 使用轨迹组。拟议的具体目标与国家研究所的目标一致， 药物滥用（NIDA），并与NIDA的战略计划，以确定物质的特性和模式 使用和了解发展如何影响物质使用的各种风险和保护因素 其最终目标是防止物质使用的开始和升级。为了促进这种研究， 申请人将执行一个培训计划，建立和提高他的知识和技能，在纵向 研究设计和数据分析、药物使用和预防研究、人类发展理论和 研究和SM健康研究。申请人将在以下机构的支持下进行拟议研究： 在匹兹堡大学资源丰富的环境中，我们拥有一支专业和多学科的导师团队。 成功完成奖学金后，申请人将有能力实现他的长期目标， 获得教职，并在物质使用方面拥有独立的科学研究生涯， 在年轻的SM人群中进行专业预防。

PROJECT SUMMARY Emerging adults, often referred to as people between the ages of 18 and 25 years,1,2 report a high prevalence of past-month cigarette smoking and heavy episodic alcohol use compared to other age groups in the U.S.3-6 Sexual minorities (SM; including lesbians, gays, and bisexuals, and those with same-sex behaviors attractions, or relationships) in emerging adulthood are more likely than their completely heterosexual peers to be current or daily smokers7-12 and to engage in heavy episodic drinking.12-15 These sexual-orientation disparities begin in adolescence7,13,16 and persist into later stages of the life course.17-20 Despite pronounced disparities in substance use for SM populations, there are few investigations about substance use trajectories in emerging adulthood for SM populations and how substance use during this transitional period impacts health and adjustment in later emerging adulthood. Furthermore, there is only limited understanding about the early risk factors of substance use for SM emerging adults. Accordingly, the proposed study will employ a developmental perspective45-47 to empirically test how early risk and protective factors across several domains predict tobacco and alcohol use trajectories in emerging adulthood for SM populations, and how these trajectories are, in turn, related to health consequences and adult adjustment outcomes in later emerging adulthood. Analyses will use data from SM participants collected principally during emerging adulthood in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), a large national cohort study begun in 1996. The Specific Aims are to do the following: 1) Estimate trajectory patterns of tobacco and alcohol use for SM populations during emerging adulthood; 2) Elucidate antecedents from childhood and adolescence that predict tobacco and alcohol use trajectory group membership; and 3) Measure the health consequences and adult adjustment outcomes of tobacco and alcohol use trajectory groups. The proposed Specific Aims are consistent with the goals of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and relate to NIDA's strategic plan to identify the characteristics and patterns of substance use and to understand how development influences the various risk and protective factors for substance use with the ultimate goal of preventing the initiation and escalation of substance use. To facilitate such research, the applicant will execute a training plan that builds and improves upon his knowledge and skills in longitudinal study design and data analysis, substance use and prevention research, human development theories and research, and SM health research. The applicant will conduct the proposed research with support from a dedicated and multidisciplinary mentorship team in a resource-rich environment at the University of Pittsburgh. Upon successful completion of this fellowship, the applicant will be well-poised to meet his long-term goals of attaining a faculty position and having an independent scientific research career in substance use and prevention with specialties in young SM populations.