HIV and Tuberculosis Transmission and Future Trends in the African Population in

艾滋病毒和结核病的传播以及非洲人口的未来趋势

• 批准号: 8874089
• 负责人: Roxanne Pieper Kerani
• 金额: $ 12.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-24 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8874089
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Address; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; American; Area; Caring; Censuses; Chest; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Country; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Analyses; Demography; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Emigrant; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Future; Genotype; Goals; Grant; Growth; HIV; HIV diagnosis; HIV-1; HIV/STD; Health; Home environment; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Immigrant; Immigration; Incidence; Infection; Interview; K-Series Research Career Programs; Life; Medical; Medical History; Mentors; Modeling; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; New York City; Outcome; Participant; Patients; Persons; Philadelphia; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Provider; Public Health; Public Health Practice; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Sexual Partners; Sputum; Study Subject; Training; Training Programs; Tuberculosis; Universities; Unsafe Sex; Washington; career; career development; design; high risk; improved; infectious disease treatment; mathematical model; mortality; population health; programs; screening; sex risk; skills; surveillance data; transmission process; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately 10% of the world's population, but is home to approximately 70% of the 2.7 million people estimated to be newly infected with HIV worldwide annually, and 35% of the estimated 8.8 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases. The burden of HIV and TB in Africa is reflected in higher rates of both infections in African emigrants to other countries when compared to their local counterparts. The goal of this career development award is to gain expertise in TB epidemiology and control, and research methodologies that will broaden my abilities to address HIV, TB, and other health issues in the African population in the US. My longer-term career objective is to improve the overall health of this population through both research and public health practice. The proposed research addresses questions crucial to the development of effective HIV and TB prevention and control programs for the African-born population. The specific aims of the proposal are to: 1) Estimate the extent to which transmission of HIV and TB occurs prior to arrival in the US among African-born persons, identify barriers to HIV testing and missed opportunities for HIV diagnoses among African-born US residents, and define the potential risk of ongoing HIV and TB transmission both within and outside of the African-born community; 2) Evaluate missed opportunities for TB screening and diagnosis, describe delays in diagnosis of active TB in the African population compared to non-Africans, and estimate the prevalence of TB genotypes typically seen in African- born patients in non-African populations; and 3) Develop projections for the size and composition of the African-born HIV and TB epidemics in the US over the next 20 years, using a combination of demographic and dynamic epidemic modeling. The career development component of the application is designed to augment my existing skills in the areas of HIV and STD epidemiologic research. The proposed educational aims will allow me to build skills in four specific areas necessary to carry out my research aims, and include training in: 1) TB epidemiology and control, 2) Demography and mathematical modeling, 3) Immigration and health. The unparalleled training environment at the University of Washington (UW), the close and collaborative relationships between the UW and the HIV/STD and TB Programs of Public Health - Seattle and King County, and the exceptional team of mentors and advisors that will supervise my training and research will further contribute to my career development and transition into a successful independent investigator.

描述（由申请人提供）：撒哈拉以南非洲约占世界人口的10%，但估计全球每年新感染艾滋病毒的270万人中约有70%居住在撒哈拉以南非洲，估计880万新感染艾滋病毒的人中约有35%居住在撒哈拉以南非洲。结核病（TB）病例。非洲的艾滋病毒和结核病负担反映在移居其他国家的非洲移民的感染率高于当地移民。这个职业发展奖的目标是获得结核病流行病学和控制方面的专业知识，以及研究方法，这将扩大我解决美国非洲人口中艾滋病毒，结核病和其他健康问题的能力。我的长期职业目标是通过研究和公共卫生实践来改善这一人群的整体健康状况。拟议的研究解决了对非洲出生人口制定有效的艾滋病毒和结核病预防和控制计划至关重要的问题。该提案的具体目标是：1）估计非洲出生的人在抵达美国之前发生艾滋病毒和结核病传播的程度，确定非洲出生的美国居民中艾滋病毒检测的障碍和错过的艾滋病毒诊断机会，并确定非洲出生的社区内外正在进行的艾滋病毒和结核病传播的潜在风险; 2）评估错失的结核病筛查和诊断机会，描述与非非洲人相比，非洲人口中活动性结核病诊断的延迟，并估计非非洲人口中非洲出生患者中常见的结核病基因型的流行率; 3）结合人口统计学和动态流行病模型，对未来20年美国非洲出生的艾滋病毒和结核病流行病的规模和构成进行预测。职业发展的应用程序的组成部分，旨在增强我在艾滋病毒和性病流行病学研究领域的现有技能。拟议的教育目标将使我能够在四个特定领域建立必要的技能，以实现我的研究目标，并包括培训：1）结核病流行病学和控制，2）人口统计学和数学建模，3）移民和健康。在华盛顿大学（UW）无与伦比的培训环境，UW和公共卫生的艾滋病毒/性病和结核病项目之间的密切合作关系-西雅图和金县，以及导师和顾问的特殊团队，将监督我的培训和研究将进一步促进我的职业发展和过渡到一个成功的独立调查员。