Modulation of tumor inflammatory factor for immune therapy

肿瘤相关炎症因子的研究对于确定肿瘤与肿瘤细胞之间的关系至关重要。 肿瘤微环境与肿瘤发生骨髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）和肿瘤相关的 肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞（TAM）已显示促进肿瘤进展， 转移尽管T细胞检查点抑制剂疗法在治疗癌症患者中的最初前景， 由TAM和MDSC建立的免疫抑制性肿瘤促进微环境仍然是一个主要的免疫抑制因素。 障碍，取得圆满成功。使用qPCR超阵列，我们鉴定了一种重要的肿瘤因子，CKLF样 MARVEL跨膜结构域包含4（CMTM 4），趋化因子样因子超家族的成员， 其在人和小鼠肿瘤细胞和组织中高度表达。初步研究表明，CMTM 4 在调节肿瘤相关炎症和建立抑制性免疫应答中起重要作用。 肿瘤微环境肿瘤中CMTM 4的siRNA敲低（KD）导致肿瘤细胞的显著减少。 在多种肿瘤类型中的生长和血管生成。骨髓特异性CMTM 4缺乏导致显著的 在移植肿瘤模型中延迟肿瘤发展。最有趣的是，来自CMTM 4 KO的骨髓细胞 小鼠倾向于M1经典的功能激活和成熟，这反过来又在M1中起着重要作用。 调节炎性细胞因子和炎症相关转录因子（例如IL-6、TNF α、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-19、IL 1 β、NF κ B、HIF 1 α、IRF5和IRF8）。我们假设CMTM 4是控制 炎症信号并随后通过募集影响肿瘤微环境 MDSC向促进血管生成的“M2样”、或者活化的表型分化， 免疫逃避，从而促进肿瘤进展。因此，CMTM 4调节的 炎症反应可将免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境转化为免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。 有利的一个。在本提案中，将追求三个具体目标来验证我们的假设：1）CMTM 4是关键 控制肿瘤炎症的驱动程序。2)通过CMTM 4调节骨髓细胞的功能。的研究 CMTM 4利用的细胞和分子作用机制对于临床转化是关键的。CMTM4 KD 可改变肿瘤微环境，增强抗肿瘤免疫力，控制肿瘤细胞进展。 这些研究的成功完成将使我们更好地理解我们的发现如何与小鼠 CMTM 4可用于人体研究。获得的科学信息将对以下方面产生重大影响： 靶向TAM/MDSC以逆转与晚期恶性肿瘤相关的免疫抑制， 开发了一种用于调节慢性炎性疾病的新型治疗方式。

The study of tumor-associated inflammatory factors is essential for determining the relationship between the tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) within the tumor microenvironment have been shown to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Despite the initial promise of T cell checkpoint inhibitor therapies in treating cancer patients, the immunosuppressive tumor-promoting microenvironment established by TAMs and MDSCs remains a major barrier to complete success. Using qPCR superarrays, we identified an important tumor factor, CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 4 (CMTM4), a member of the chemokine-like factor superfamily, which is highly expressed in human and mouse tumor cells and tissues. Preliminary studies showed that CMTM4 plays a significant role in the regulation of tumor-associated inflammation and establishment of a suppressive tumor microenvironment. siRNA knockdown (KD) of CMTM4 in tumor led to a significant reduction in tumor growth and angiogenesis in multiple tumor types. Myeloid specific CMTM4 deficiency results in significantly retarded tumor development in transplanted tumor models. Most interestingly, myeloid cells from CMTM4 KO mice skew toward M1 classical functional activation and maturation, which, in turn, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related transcription factors (e.g. IL-6, TNFalpha, IL- 1beta, NFkappaB, HIF1alpha, IRF5, and IRF8). We hypothesize that CMTM4 is a key factor in controlling inflammatory signals and subsequently affects the tumor microenvironment through recruitment and differentiation of MDSCs toward an “M2-like”, alternatively activated, phenotype that promotes angiogenesis and immune evasion, thereby facilitating tumor progression. Therefore, modulation of CMTM4-regulated inflammatory responses may convert an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment into an immune- conducive one. In this proposal, three specific aims will be pursued to test our hypothesis: 1) CMTM4 is the key driver that controls tumor inflammation. 2) Modulate the function of myeloid cells through CMTM4. Studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action utilized by CMTM4 are critical for clinical translation. CMTM4 KD can alter the tumor microenvironment, enhance anti-tumor immunity, and control tumor cell progression. Successful completion of these studies will lead to a better understanding of how our findings with mouse CMTM4 can be translated to human studies. The scientific information gained will have a significant impact on targeting TAMs/MDSC to revert the immune suppression associated with advanced malignancies and facilitate development of a novel therapeutic modality for the regulation of chronic inflammatory diseases.