A generalized Diabetes Networking Tool (DNT) to enhance social support for patient self management

摘要 我们建议开发一种名为糖尿病网络工具(DNT)的社交计算技术， 通过以下方式提高II型糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者自我管理和避免疾病并发症的能力 加强以家庭、家庭和社区为基础的支持机制。 II型糖尿病是一种终生疾病，是一个严重且日益严重的公共卫生问题， 需要患者持续的自我管理，以避免危险的并发症。之前的研究，由 研究小组和其他人指出，II型糖尿病患者的社交网络可以帮助患者改善 自我管理，并围绕这一概念开发了一个示范智能手机应用程序。家庭和 社区关系影响个人成功改变糖尿病相关行为的能力， 从而实现自我管理的成功。这些关系可以提供积极的强化和个人 鼓励关键活动，如坚持服药和验血计划，以及获得 锻炼身体。 这项提议寻求扩展先前的研究，并将其转化为商业级DNT产品 将通过一个全面开发的智能手机应用程序来利用这些家庭和社区资源。DNT允许 患者创建一个由家庭/家人/朋友组成的私人本地社交网络，以支持患者 她/他的糖尿病自我管理行为，如坚持服药和血糖检测计划， 寻找可以一起锻炼的人，并分享信息，如食物购物提示和积极的社交 增援。DNT还允许患者访问当地社区资源，使用地理围栏技术， 并且允许位置特定信息(例如，健康食品杂货销售、健康集市)被张贴和共享。 有待开发的游戏功能，如赚取徽章和参与社交挑战，可以增加 参与度和使用频率。 我们的团队带来了以用户为中心和社交计算领域的领导者和专家的独特组合，以及 行为科学研究。第一阶段的目标是： 1.使用参与式设计方法确定DNT社会支持的需求和机会 不同的中低收入社区的样本。 2.设计了DNT用户界面，开发了一个完整的DNT应用原型。 3.对原型DNT进行可用性和感知有用性的初步形成性评估。 完整的DNT产品可以改善糖尿病相关的自我管理，以及增加科学 了解增强的社会支持系统如何使糖尿病管理受益，并有可能 减少疾病并发症。

Abstract We propose to develop a social computing technology called the Diabetes Networking Tool (DNT), that enhances Type II Diabetes and pre-diabetes patients’ ability to self-manage and avoid disease complications by bolstering family, household, and community-based support mechanisms. Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a life-long condition that is a serious and growing public health problem, and that requires constant self-management by the patient to avoid dangerous complications. Prior research by the research team and others indicates that a Type II diabetes patient’s social network can help a patient improve self-management and developed a demonstration smart-phone app around this concept. Family and community relationships influence an individual’s ability to make successful diabetes-related behavior change, and thus the success of self-management. These relationships can provide positive reinforcement and personal encouragement for key activities such as adherence to medication and blood-testing schedules and getting exercise. This proposal seeks to expand the prior research and translate it into a commercial-grade DNT product that will leverage these family and community resources through a fully-developed smartphone app. DNT allows a patient to create a private local social network of household/family/friends that can support the patient with her/his diabetes self-management behaviors, such as adhering to medication and glucose-testing schedules, finding people to exercise with, and sharing of information such as food shopping tips and positive social reinforcement. DNT also gives the patient access to local community resources, uses geo-fencing technology, and allows location specific information (e.g., healthy grocery sales, health fairs) to be posted and shared. Gaming features to be developed, such as earning badges and participating in social challenges, can increase engagement and frequency of use. Our team brings a unique combination of leaders and experts in user-centered and social computing and behavioral science research. Phase I Aims are to: 1. Define needs and opportunities for DNT social support using participatory design methods within a sample of diverse middle and low-income communities. 2. Design the DNT user interface and develop a complete DNT app prototype. 3. Conduct initial formative assessment of the prototype DNT for usability and perceived usefulness. The full DNT product can improve diabetes-related self-management, as well as increase scientific understanding of how an augmented social support system can benefit diabetes management and potentially reduce disease complications.