Impacts of Discriminatory Mortgage Lending Practices on Obesity

歧视性抵押贷款做法对肥胖的影响

• 批准号: 10444686
• 负责人: Andrea Richardson
• 金额: $ 65.94万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-15 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10444686
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Area; Attention; Behavior; Black race; Body mass index; Censuses; Chicago; Cities; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; Data; Database Management Systems; Diet; Discrimination; Economic Conditions; Economics; Environment; Epidemic; Equation; Evaluation; Exposure to; Food; Future; Geographic Information Systems; Geographic Locations; Health; Health behavior; Home; Housing; Inequality; Investments; Knowledge; Link; Location; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal cohort; Maps; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Physical activity; Plant Roots; Policies; Poverty; Price; Process; Race; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Role; Social Conditions; Time; United States; Variant; aged; base; dietary; follow-up; high risk; indexing; obesogenic; physical inactivity; racial bias; racial difference; racial disparity; residence; segregation; social; sociodemographics

Project Abstract Limited access to food and physical activity (PA) resources as well as poor social and economic neighborhood conditions have been linked to low diet quality, physical inactivity, and elevated body mass index (BMI). Yet, mixed findings may be due to gaps in understanding (1) the root causes of unequal allocation of such neighborhood resources, and (2) the paths by which neighborhood conditions influence obesity. Root causes such as housing policies have received little attention in obesity research and yet this may be critical to addressing the epidemic. A key example is historical ‘redlining,’ where, between the 1930s and 1970s, areas throughout the United States were designated as “high risk” based on the neighborhood’s racial composition. Residents were systematically denied access to home purchasing. Poverty and segregation patterns in redlined areas persisted; yet there is variation in the subsequent demographic shifts that have occurred. Housing discrimination continues and may increase obesity disparities via heightened exposure to obesogenic environments. We seek to address knowledge gaps by estimating longitudinal paths from historical and current racially biased mortgage lending to BMI in a longitudinal cohort of Black and white adults. The project specific aims are to: 1) Determine whether historically redlined neighborhoods have higher levels of obesogenic neighborhood conditions and resident BMI through dietary behaviors and PA than non-redlined neighborhoods (using baseline residential locations,1985–86); 2) Estimate longitudinal paths between changes in historically redlined neighborhoods and BMI through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, and PA (using five timepoints of data, 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16); and 3) Estimate longitudinal paths between rates of current place- and race-based biased mortgage lending (data from 1990– 93, 2003–06, 2008–11, and 2013–2016) and changes in BMI, through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, PA, discrimination, and homeownership (data from 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16). We achieve these objectives using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) which is a longitudinal cohort with diet, PA, environmental, and sociodemographic data collected for 5,115 white and black U.S. adults aged 18-30 years residing in four cities with redlining histories: Birmingham, AL, Oakland, CA, Chicago, IL, and Minneapolis, MN. We will link historic redlining maps and two indices of place- and race-based biased mortgage lending, using mortgage data, to CARDIA participants’ residential locations. We will estimate longitudinal paths from changes in residing in areas that were historically redlined and areas with current biased mortgage lending to BMI changes through dynamic neighborhood conditions, discrimination, homeownership, PA, and dietary behaviors. The results will deliver the needed evidence to guide housing and neighborhood policy by understanding long-term effects of historical redlining and current biased mortgage lending underlie neighborhood and obesity disparities.

项目摘要 获得食物和体育活动（PA）资源的机会有限，以及贫困的社会和经济社区 这些疾病与低饮食质量、缺乏身体活动和身体质量指数（BMI）升高有关。然而， 结果喜忧参半，可能是由于对以下问题的理解存在差距：（1）这种不平等分配的根源; 邻里资源，以及（2）邻里条件影响肥胖的途径。根源 例如住房政策在肥胖研究中很少受到关注，但这可能对 应对疫情。一个关键的例子是历史上的“红线”，在20世纪30年代和70年代之间， 根据社区的种族构成，美国各地的社区被指定为“高风险”。 居民被系统地剥夺了购买住房的机会。贫困和隔离模式 划红线的地区仍然存在;但随后发生的人口变化有所不同。 住房歧视继续存在，并可能通过增加暴露于致肥胖物质而增加肥胖差异。 环境.我们试图通过估计从历史和当前的纵向路径来解决知识差距 在黑人和白色成年人的纵向队列中，对BMI的种族偏见抵押贷款。项目特定 目的是：1）确定历史上划定红线的社区是否有更高水平的肥胖 邻里条件和居民BMI通过饮食行为和PA比非红线社区 （使用基线居住地点，1985- 1986年）; 2）估计历史变化之间的纵向路径 通过改变致肥胖的邻里条件，饮食行为， 和PA（使用五个时间点的数据，1985-86，1992-93，2005-06，2010-11和2015-16）;和3）估计 当前基于地点和基于种族的有偏见的抵押贷款利率之间的纵向路径（1990年至2000年的数据）。 93，2003-06，2008-11和2013-2016）和BMI的变化，通过致胖邻居的变化 条件，饮食行为，PA，歧视和房屋所有权（1985-86年，1992-93年，2005-06年， 2010-11和2015-16）。我们通过年轻人冠状动脉风险发展来实现这些目标。 成人研究（CARDIA），这是一项包含饮食、PA、环境和社会人口统计学数据的纵向队列研究 收集了5，115名年龄在18-30岁之间的白色和黑人美国成年人，他们居住在四个有红线历史的城市： 阿拉巴马州伯明翰、加利福尼亚州奥克兰、伊利诺伊州芝加哥和明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯。我们将把历史性的红线地图和两个 指数的地方和种族为基础的偏见抵押贷款，使用抵押贷款数据，以CARDIA参与者的 住宅区。我们将从居住在历史上 红线和地区与当前偏向抵押贷款BMI的变化，通过动态邻里 条件，歧视，房屋所有权，PA和饮食行为。结果将提供所需的 通过了解历史红线的长期影响来指导住房和邻里政策的证据 而目前有偏见的抵押贷款是邻里和肥胖差异的基础。