ESTABLISHING A LINK BETWEEN NUMERACY AND HEALTH

建立计算能力与健康之间的联系

• 批准号: 6737728
• 负责人: MARILYN M SCHAPIRA
• 金额: $ 27.98万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-09 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6737728
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; breast neoplasms; cancer prevention; cervix neoplasms; clinical research; colon neoplasms; decision making; health behavior; human subject; information seeking behavior; mathematical ability; prostate neoplasms; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A persistent and pervasive link has been present between socioeconomic status and health outcomes among adults in the United States. Health literacy is a potential pathway for this link and has been independently associated with decreases in morbidity and mortality. One aspect of literacy that has been little studied is numeracy. Numeracy is defined as having facility with basic probability and mathematical concepts. More numerate patients are more accurate in subjective health risk perceptions and have a better comprehension of risk reduction information. Risk communication is an essential component to important health care interactions including provider- patient communication, informed consent, and shared decision-making. Numeracy may improve the capacity of patients to process risk information, to be active participants in their healthcare, and to believe that health protective behaviors can result in personal benefit over the course of their lives. In this proposal we will explore the relationship between numeracy and the adoption of health protective behaviors including cervical, breast, colon, and prostate cancer screening. The specific aims of this project are: 1. To increase our understanding of the link between numeracy and cognitive, psychological, and decision-making constructs that are relevant to the adoption of health protective behaviors. Cognitive processes evaluted will include knowledge of the risks and benefits of screening behaviors. Psychological traits evaluated will include mastery, general self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, and trust. Decision-making constructs evaluated will include information seeking and the desire to participate in medical decision-making. 2. To test the association between numeracy and the adoption of cancer screening behaviors, including cervical, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening, while controlling for socioeconomic characteristics. This association will be evaluated in a population of primary care patients that is diverse in educational level, race and ethnicity, income, and age. Our methods will be designed to evaluate the influence of numeracy as a separate construct from formal education and general literacy. While general literacy is related to numeracy, it is certainly not entirely predictive. Literate individuals may have poor numeracy, and numate persons may have poor literacy. The findings will have implications for the role of mathematics in education and the potential role of interventions to improve numeracy among adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国成年人的社会经济地位和健康结果之间存在持久且普遍的联系。健康素养是这种联系的潜在途径，并且与发病率和死亡率的降低独立相关。识字能力的一个方面很少被研究，那就是计算能力。 计算能力被定义为具有基本概率和数学概念的能力。计算能力越强的患者，其主观健康风险认知就越准确，并且对降低风险的信息有更好的理解。风险沟通是重要的医疗保健互动的重要组成部分，包括提供者与患者的沟通、知情同意和共同决策。计算能力可以提高患者处理风险信息的能力，积极参与医疗保健的能力，并相信健康保护行为可以在他们的一生中带来个人利益。在本提案中，我们将探讨计算能力与健康保护行为（包括宫颈癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌筛查）之间的关系。 该项目的具体目标是： 1. 加深我们对计算能力与与采取健康保护行为相关的认知、心理和决策结构之间联系的理解。评估的认知过程将包括筛查行为的风险和益处的知识。评估的心理特征包括掌控力、一般自我效能、控制源、乐观和信任。评估的决策结构将包括信息寻求和参与医疗决策的愿望。 2. 测试计算能力与癌症筛查行为（包括宫颈癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌筛查）的采用之间的关联，同时控制社会经济特征。这种关联性将在教育水平、种族、收入和年龄各异的初级保健患者群体中进行评估。 我们的方法将旨在评估计算能力的影响，将其作为与正规教育和普通识字能力分开的结构。虽然一般识字能力与计算能力有关，但它肯定不完全是预测性的。识字的人可能有较差的计算能力，而不会算数的人可能有较差的识字能力。研究结果将对数学在教育中的作用以及提高成年人算术能力的干预措施的潜在作用产生影响。