NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE HEALTH OF ELDERLY AMERICANS

社区和美国老年人的健康

• 批准号: 6949893
• 负责人: JEANNETTE A ROGOWSKI
• 金额: $ 35.17万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-SCH OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6949893
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; community; geriatrics; interpersonal relations

This project is coordinated with P50 ES012383, Nicole Lurie, ?UNDERSTANDING NEIGHBORHOOD IMPACTS ON HEALTH.? This project investigates how contextual factors, specifically the built and socioeconomic features of neighborhoods, affect the health of elderly Americans. Neighborhood characteristics may influence the health of elderly persons in two principal ways: through direct contemporaneous effects on health status and functioning, or through cumulative effects from earlier points in the lifecourse. Because many neighborhood features are modifiable, identifying changes in those aspects of neighborhood environment with the greatest influence on health could become important in addressing health disparities and improving health overall. Understanding at what points in the lifecourse the neighborhood environment most affects health will further inform interventions to reduce disparities in health and functioning in old age. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of literature on how these contextual factors affect late-life health and functioning. The few existing studies of the elderly are based on small sample sizes drawn largely from confined geographic areas and are thus of limited generalizability. We propose to undertake a national study of the effect of neighborhoods, both built and social environments on health and functioning in old age. The study has the following aims: 1) to measure the effects of the built and social environment on the health and health trajectories of the elderly, with a focus on identifying those neighborhood features that have the most impact on health and are amenable to policy interventions; 2) to understand how and at what points neighborhood environments from earlier in life influence health in old age; and 3) to examine whether neighborhood features have differential impacts on important subpopulations of the elderly, such as men and women, people with low socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnic minorities. The study will use two nationally representative panel data sets, the Health and Retirement Survey (1992-2002) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2003). These data sets contain large samples of elderly persons that are representative of the elderly population of the United States. Neighborhood characteristics, derived from the work of the Center's data core, will be merged with the individual level data at the census tract level.

本项目与P50 ES 012383，Nicole Lurie，？了解邻里关系对健康的影响。 该项目调查了环境因素，特别是社区的建筑和社会经济特征，如何影响美国老年人的健康。邻里特征可能以两种主要方式影响老年人的健康：通过对健康状况和功能的直接同期影响，或通过生命历程早期阶段的累积影响。由于许多社区特征是可以修改的，因此确定社区环境中对健康影响最大的那些方面的变化对于解决健康差距和改善整体健康状况至关重要。了解邻里环境在生命过程中的哪些点对健康影响最大，将进一步为减少老年健康和功能差异的干预措施提供信息。不幸的是，关于这些背景因素如何影响晚年健康和功能的文献很少。现有的少数老年人研究是基于小样本量，主要是从有限的地理区域，因此是有限的普遍性。我们建议进行一项全国性的研究，研究社区的影响，包括建筑和社会环境对老年人健康和功能的影响。该研究有以下目的：1）测量建筑和社会环境对老年人健康和健康轨迹的影响，重点是确定那些对健康影响最大且适合政策干预的社区特征; 2）了解生活早期的社区环境如何以及在什么时候影响老年人的健康;以及3）研究邻里特征是否对老年人的重要亚群（例如男性和女性、社会经济地位低的人和种族/少数民族）有不同的影响。 这项研究将使用两个具有全国代表性的小组数据集，即健康和退休调查（1992-2002年）和收入动态小组研究（1968-2003年）。这些数据集包含代表美国老年人口的老年人的大样本。从中心数据核心工作中得出的街区特征将与普查区一级的个人数据合并。