The Village Model of Care

描述（由申请人提供）：这项拟议的研究考察了在另类学习环境中应用多方面的课后方法，旨在防止因暴力或其他严重违规行为而被传统公立学校开除的高风险城市非洲裔美国青年中酒精、烟草和其他药物使用（ATOD）、风风性行为和暴力的开始和升级。从我们早期在巴尔的摩市的诊所和学校实施的预防干预措施演变而来的干预措施。乡村护理模式包括有组织的小组指导、家长授权和支持服务以及社区外展服务。该预防方案将在11月至5月的7个月内由学生及其主要照顾者实施，包括每周4天的课后活动，以及学生与其家人和社区志愿者的定期聚会，有组织的实地考察，以及社区参与规划和活动。在为期四年的实施阶段，将有280名青少年参加这项研究，其中包括112名男孩和28名女孩，他们将参加课后项目，另外112名男孩和28名女孩将作为项目评估目的的比较参与者。采用平衡设计，从两所参与的替代学习学校中随机选择一所在项目第一年接受实验干预，第二年作为无干预对照学校，第二所学校第一年作为对照学校，第二年接受实验干预。这一选择程序将在项目的第三和第四年重复进行。基线测量，包括有关学生风险和保护因素的信息，将在项目实施之前进行，结果测量将在基线、干预后和干预结束后9个月进行。过程评价将检查对规划过程的忠实程度、干预的完整性以及青年/家庭参与程度与结果之间的关系。结果评估的重点不仅在于与没有课后护理相比，乡村护理模式的有效性，还在于风险和保护因素在多大程度上对乡村护理模式项目的成功有不同的预测。为了便于在其他地方复制，将在学校官员和其他社区成员的投入下编写手册，记录培训和执行程序。项目结果将以书面报告、科学文章和演示文稿的形式传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed research examines the application of a multifaceted after-school approach, within an alternative learning setting, designed to prevent both the initiation and escalation of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATOD), risky sexual behaviors, and violence among high-risk inner-city, African- American youth who have been expelled from traditional public schools because of violence or other serious rule infractions. Evolving from our earlier preventive interventions implemented in both clinic and school settings in Baltimore City, the intervention. The Village Model of Care involves structured group mentoring, parental empowerment and support services, and community outreach services. The prevention program will be implemented with students and their primary caregiver(s) over a seven-month period during the school year, from November through May, and will involve four days per week of after-school programming, together with scheduled gatherings of students with their families and community volunteers, organized field trips, and community participation in planning and activities. Over the four-year implementation phase, 280 youth will be enrolled in the study, including 112 boys and 28 girls who will participate in the after-school program, and an additional 112 boys and 28 girls who will serve as comparison participants for program evaluation purposes. Using a counterbalanced design, one of two participating alternative learning schools will be randomly selected to receive the experimental intervention in the first project year and to serve as a no-intervention control school in the second year, while the second school will serve as a control school the first year and will receive the experimental intervention in the second year. This selection procedure will be repeated in the third and fourth years of the project. Baseline measures, including information regarding students' risk and protective factors, will be administered prior to program implementation and outcome measures will be administered at baseline, post-intervention and nine-months following the conclusion of intervention. A process evaluation will examine the fidelity to the planning process, the integrity of the intervention and the relationship between degree of youth/family participation and outcome. Outcome assessment will focus not only on the effectiveness of the Village Model of Care in comparison to no after-school care, but also on the extent to which risk and protective factors differentially predict success in the Village Model of Care program. To facilitate replication elsewhere, manuals will be developed, with the input of school officials and other community members, documenting both training and implementation procedures. Results of the project will be disseminated in written reports, scientific articles, and presentations.