Brain Development, Behavior and Cognition in Pre- and Postnatal Cocaine Exposure

产前和产后接触可卡因时的大脑发育、行为和认知

• 批准号: 7763261
• 负责人: TAMARA Duckworth WARNER
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7763261
• 关键词: 14 year old; Adolescent; Age; Aggressive behavior; Allegra; Animal Model; Animals; Anisotropy; Area; Arts; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Cereals; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Cocaine; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Computer software; Computers; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Set; Databases; Development; Dictionary; Diffusion; Drug Exposure; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Dysmorphology; Enrollment; Exposure to; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Fiber; Funding; Goals; Gray unit of radiation dose; Hair; Hand; Housing; Human; Image; Image Analysis; Interview; Knowledge; Label; Language; Left; Libraries; Literature; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Morphology; Names; Neuroanatomy; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Neurotransmitters; Output; Paper; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Procedures; Publishing; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk Factors; Running; Sampling; Scanning; Screening procedure; Self-Administered; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance abuse problem; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Thick; Thinking; Time; Universities; Water Movements; Weight; Writing; Youth; alcohol and other drug; base; behavior measurement; brain morphology; brain shape; brain volume; child battery; cocaine exposure; cocaine use; cognitive function; computerized; data integrity; database design; density; design; drug of abuse; executive function; frontal lobe; gray matter; interest; morphometry; multidisciplinary; neuroimaging; neuropsychological; novel; postnatal; prenatal; programs; prospective; public health relevance; response; skills; statistics; tool; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Knowledge about the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on brain development, behavior and cognition in humans lags far behind that of other drugs of abuse. Evidence from animal studies suggests that PCE causes significant alterations in gray matter and white matter development with long-lasting implications for behavioral functioning. Human neuroimaging studies in children and adolescents with PCE to date have revealed no gross structural brain abnormalities; however, decreases in subcortical structure volumes and differences in the integrity of white matter tracts in the frontal lobe have been reported. Studies of neuropsychological functioning in children with PCE have yielded mixed results. Generally, children with PCE do not show significant decrements in overall cognitive abilities as measured by IQ tests but do show some problems with specific skills related to attention control, response inhibition, and other aspects of executive functioning. Our group has previously demonstrated significant relationships between frontal white matter development and executive functioning in a sample of children with PCE relative to those without. Compared to PCE, knowledge about the effects of postnatal cocaine exposure on brain development comes solely from animal models. These studies reveal alterations in neurotransmitter functioning that correlate with impulsive and aggressive behavior. In response to RA-DA-09-020 Secondary Data Analyses for Substance Abuse Research (R21/R33), we propose to use two datasets from a NIDA-funded longitudinal study of PCE that included prospective enrollment of participants, quantitative measures of drug exposures, excellent retention, and repeated collection of child hair samples to detect cocaine use among the youth. The two datasets, collected at ages 101/2 to 121/2 and ages 14 to 16, include high-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion tensor neuroimaging data, neuropsychological assessments, and standardized behavior reports. This multidisciplinary project brings together investigators from three universities with expertise in neuropsychology, imaging, neuroanatomy, prenatal drug abuse research, and statistics. Using advanced, state-of- the-art image analysis techniques including cortical pattern matching, tensor based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics, this project promises to yield important scientific information about the effects of PCE and the combined effects of pre- and postnatal cocaine exposure on the structure and function of the developing human brain. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Although subtle effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on behavior and thinking abilities have been demonstrated, the literature considerably lags behind our understanding of the effects of alcohol and other drugs on brain development and behavior. This study will provide vital information regarding the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, as well as postnatal use, on brain development, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents. Emphasis is placed on the use of novel, cutting edge, state-of-the-art structural image analysis tools in conjunction with sophisticated neuropsychological tests to better understand the effects of cocaine on the structure and function of the developing human brain.

描述（由申请人提供）：关于产前可卡因暴露（PCE）对人类大脑发育，行为和认知的影响的知识远远落后于其他滥用药物。来自动物研究的证据表明，PCE导致灰质和白色物质发育的显著改变，对行为功能具有长期影响。迄今为止，在患有PCE的儿童和青少年中进行的人类神经影像学研究未发现大体脑结构异常;然而，已报告了额叶皮质下结构体积减少和白色物质束完整性差异。PCE儿童神经心理功能的研究产生了混合的结果。一般来说，PCE儿童的整体认知能力并没有显着下降，但在注意力控制，反应抑制和执行功能的其他方面的特定技能方面确实存在一些问题。我们的小组以前已经证明了显着的关系之间的额叶白色物质的发展和执行功能的样本与PCE的儿童相对于那些没有。与PCE相比，关于产后可卡因暴露对大脑发育影响的知识仅来自动物模型。这些研究揭示了与冲动和攻击行为相关的神经递质功能的改变。为了响应RA-DA-09-020物质滥用研究的二级数据分析（R21/R33），我们建议使用来自NIDA资助的PCE纵向研究的两个数据集，包括参与者的前瞻性招募，药物暴露的定量测量，出色的保留和重复收集儿童头发样本，以检测青少年中的可卡因使用。这两个数据集收集于101/2至121/2岁和14至16岁，包括高分辨率T1加权和弥散张量神经成像数据、神经心理学评估和标准化行为报告。这个多学科项目汇集了来自三所大学的研究人员，他们在神经心理学，成像，神经解剖学，产前药物滥用研究和统计学方面具有专业知识。使用先进的，国家的最先进的图像分析技术，包括皮质模式匹配，张量为基础的形态测量学和trac-based空间统计，该项目有望产生重要的科学信息PCE的影响和产前和产后可卡因暴露对发育中的人脑的结构和功能的综合影响。 公共卫生相关性：虽然产前可卡因暴露对行为和思维能力的微妙影响已经得到证实，但文献远远落后于我们对酒精和其他药物对大脑发育和行为的影响的理解。这项研究将提供有关产前可卡因暴露以及产后使用对儿童和青少年大脑发育，认知和行为的长期影响的重要信息。重点放在使用新颖的，尖端的，最先进的结构图像分析工具，结合复杂的神经心理学测试，以更好地了解可卡因对发育中的人脑结构和功能的影响。