Ergonomic backpacks for children and adults

适合儿童和成人的人体工学背包

• 批准号: 7672199
• 负责人: Martin Belcher
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: LIGHTNING PACKS, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-20 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7672199
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; American; Ankle; Arthralgia; Back; Biomechanics; Books; Caliber; Cardiovascular system; Child; Classification; Construction Materials; Data; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Elbow; Elderly; Figs - dietary; Freedom; Frequencies; Friction; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Height; Hip region structure; Human; Industry; Injury; International; Joints; Knee; Lead; Length; Light; Lightning; Marketing; Metabolic; Methods; Military Personnel; Modeling; Modification; Movement; Muscular Atrophy; Musculoskeletal; Nature; Neck; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pain; Paper; Persons; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Public Health; Publications; Reporting; Research; Running; Schools; Science; Secondary to; Shoulder; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soldier; Solutions; Sports; Steel; Students; Surface; Suspension substance; Suspensions; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Walking; Weight; Western World; Wildfire; Work; base; cost; design; disaster relief worker; emergency service responder; ergonomics; falls; improved; innovation; insight; light weight; meter; middle age; middle school; miniaturize; musculoskeletal injury; portability; predictive modeling; prevent; prototype; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite modern conveniences, humans continue to transport considerable weight wherever they go. Although on smooth even surfaces, luggage with small wheels is effective, outside of these restricted arenas they are ineffective and add to the weight. Hence backpacks remain the preferred solution to move loads around with us. They are ubiquitous, carried by children and adults, and represent a $295 million dollar/year industry. The large weight of backpacks carried by children is a significant international public health problem (bookbag syndrome). But carrying loads in backpacks also represents a potential problem with adults, particularly the middle-aged and elderly. We now carry more technology (e.g., laptops) and the increased forces can lead to back, neck, shoulder and knee pain & injury which may discourage or prevent people from walking or prevent them from participating in recreational activities (such as hiking). So injury from carrying backpacks can lead to the secondary problem of interfering with activities which maintain cardiovascular health and slow the joint degeneration and muscle atrophy which comes with age. Based on our biomechanical analysis, we have developed a new concept in backpack design, "suspending-the-load". In a recent paper in Nature we have shown that peak dynamic forces can be twice as high as the static force during walking and 3-fold higher during running. Our prototype large volume ergonomic backpack reduces accelerative force by 82% during walking, leading to reduction of the metabolic rate. Our pack further reduces accelerative forces by 86% during running, making it comfortable to run with a load. To bring our innovation to the most affected groups, children and the elderly, we must miniaturize the technology to fit into a much smaller package (a daypack), Further, because weight and portability are issues, it is also important to migrate from an "external-frame" design in our large volume adult backpacks to a light- weight "internal-frame" design which can, for example, fit into school lockers. To achieve this, the following aims must be accomplished. Aim #1. Optimize Ergonomic Suspension mechanism for Adult daypack Aim #2. Design and implementation of wearer interface for internal-frame" ergonomic backpack Aim #3 Testing-Compare ergonomic daypack to normal daypack Aim #4. Evaluate alternative suspension systems for ergonomic backpack Aim #5. Develop a predictive model of the backpack and walking human to help optimize the design By the end Phase I we will have commercialized the adult daypack. Based on the biomechanical and manufacturing insights developed in Phase I, in Phase II we will develop an ergonomic daypack for middle- school students where we will be under greater weight, ease of operation and cost constraints. Phase II: Development of Internal frame ergonomic day pack for middle school students. After developing an Adult Ergonomic Daypack, we will innovate again to build a smaller, lighter and less expensive Ergonomic Daypack for middle school students. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Throughout the western world, it is agreed that the backpacks students carry to school are too heavy, resulting in back and joint pain and injury. Although some of the forces from a load comes from its weight, when we walk or run, these forces can triple, greatly increasing pain and the possibility of injury. Lightning Packs has invented a fundamentally new type of backpack, the suspended-load backpack, which removes the high forces associated with movement. Adult and middle-school daypack versions will be developed here permitting more healthful carriage of loads.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管现代化的便利，人类继续运输相当大的重量，无论他们去哪里。虽然在光滑平坦的表面上，带小轮子的行李箱是有效的，但在这些受限的场地之外，它们是无效的，并且增加了重量。因此，背包仍然是我们移动负载的首选解决方案。它们无处不在，由儿童和成人携带，代表着每年2.95亿美元的产业。儿童背负的背包重量过大是一个重大的国际公共卫生问题（书包综合症）。但是，用背包携带物品也是成年人，特别是中年人和老年人的一个潜在问题。我们现在携带更多的技术（例如，膝上型电脑）和增加的力量可能会导致背部，颈部，肩部和膝盖疼痛和损伤，这可能会阻碍或阻止人们步行或阻止他们参加娱乐活动（如徒步旅行）。因此，背背包造成的伤害可能会导致第二个问题，即干扰维持心血管健康的活动，减缓随着年龄增长而出现的关节退化和肌肉萎缩。基于我们的生物力学分析，我们开发了一个新的背包设计概念，“悬挂负载”。在《自然》杂志最近的一篇论文中，我们已经表明，在步行过程中，峰值动态力可以是静态力的两倍，在跑步过程中可以是静态力的3倍。我们的原型大容量人体工程学背包减少了82%的步行过程中的加速力，从而降低代谢率。我们的背包在跑步过程中进一步减少了86%的加速力，使跑步更舒适。为了将我们的创新带给最受影响的群体，儿童和老年人，我们必须将该技术简化为适合更小的包装（日背包）。此外，因为重量和便携性是问题，所以从我们的大体积成人背包中的“外部框架”设计迁移到例如可以适合学校储物柜的轻质“内部框架”设计也很重要。为此，必须实现以下目标。目标1。优化人体工程学悬挂机制成人日背包目标#2。设计和实施的内部框架”人体工程学背包目标#3测试比较人体工程学的日常背包，以正常的日常背包目标#4。评估替代悬挂系统符合人体工程学的背包目标#5。开发一个背包和行走的人的预测模型，以帮助优化设计。在第一阶段结束时，我们将使成人背包商业化。基于第一阶段开发的生物力学和制造见解，在第二阶段，我们将为中学生开发一种符合人体工程学的日背包，在那里我们将承受更大的重量，易于操作和成本限制。第二阶段：为中学生开发符合人体工程学的内框架日包。在开发出成人人体工程学背包后，我们将再次创新，为中学生打造更小，更轻，更便宜的人体工程学背包。 公共卫生相关性：在整个西方世界，人们都认为学生上学的背包太重，导致背部和关节疼痛和受伤。虽然负载的一些力来自其重量，但当我们走路或跑步时，这些力可以增加三倍，大大增加疼痛和受伤的可能性。Lightning Packs发明了一种全新类型的背包，悬挂式背包，它消除了与运动相关的高力量。成人和中学日背包版本将在这里开发允许更健康的负荷运输。