Case-Cohort Study of Cancers in Excess in Poultry Workers

约翰逊、埃里克、S 某些逆转录病毒和疱疹病毒通常会自然地感染鸡和火鸡并导致癌症。这些 病毒包括一些在动物身上已知的最强致癌物质。人类接触到这些毒剂是 几乎是普遍的，通过以下途径发生：1)接触活家禽；2)接触活家禽的血液和生肉和鸡蛋 产品；3)通过进食生的或未煮熟的禽肉和禽蛋；4)接种疫苗 通过在鸡胚中培养疫苗病毒而制造的，如麻疹、腮腺炎、流感和黄热病 疫苗，可能包含这些致癌病毒的外源性和内源性形式。5)职业方面的工作 如生家禽产品的饲养、屠宰、加工和销售，兽医，家禽检验员，厨师， 实验室科学家等；众所周知，这种病毒可以在体外感染人类细胞，并将它们转化为 癌细胞，实验上这种病毒可以感染灵长类动物并导致肿瘤。此外，血清学 在人类身上的测试清楚地表明，这些病毒在普通人群中广泛感染。然而， 目前缺乏病毒导致人类癌症的确凿证据，部分原因是缺乏分析 暴露者癌症风险的流行病学研究。我们假设，如果这些病毒导致癌症 人类，这将在家禽屠宰和加工厂的工人中最明显，他们的 人类接触到这些毒剂。因此，我们在三个不同的队列中进行了癌症死亡率研究 这些工人。结果表明，11个癌症部位出现过多。拟议的调查是一个案例队列 对其中7个地点进行研究，以调查这些病毒在其病原学中的作用，同时控制和 同时调查其他潜在的职业性和非职业性致癌暴露的作用。 拟议研究的目的有两个：1)协助提供关键的流行病学证据 通过对这一高度暴露的工人群体的研究，这些病毒与人类癌症的发生有关；2) 研究家禽屠宰和加工厂工人的癌症死亡率，这些工人不仅接触致癌物质 工作中的病毒(传染病是NIOSH在其职业安全和职业安全中确定的优先领域之一 健康研究计划)，但也包括其他职业致癌物，包括多环芳烃， 杂环胺、亚硝胺、苯等。这一职业组以前从未被研究过癌症 尽管有这些危险的致癌接触，但仍会发生。

Johnson, Eric, S Certain retroviruses and herpesvirus naturally and commonly infect and cause cancer in chickens and turkeys. These viruses include some of the most potent cancer-causing agents known in animals. Human exposure to these agents is virtually universal, and occurs through: 1) contact with live poultry; 2) contact with their blood and raw meat and egg products; 3) through ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked poultry meat and eggs; 4) inoculation with vaccines manufactured by growing the vaccine virus in chicken embryos such as measles, mumps, influenza, and yellow-fever vaccines, that may contain exogenous and endogenous forms of these oncogenic viruses. 5) occupationally in jobs such as raising, slaughtering, processing, and sale of raw poultry products, veterinarians, poultry inspectors, cooks, laboratory scientists, etc.; It is known that the viruses can infect human cells in vitro and transform them into cancerous cells, and experimentally the viruses can infect and cause tumors in primates. Furthermore, serological tests in humans clearly indicate widespread infection of the general population with these viruses. However, definitive proof that the viruses cause cancer in humans is currently lacking partly because of the absence of analytic epidemiologic studies of cancer risk in exposed individuals. We hypothesize that if these viruses cause cancer in humans, it will be most readily evident in workers in poultry slaughtering & processing plants who have the highest human exposure to these agents. Accordingly, we conducted cancer mortality studies in three separate cohorts of these workers. The results indicate excess occurrence of 11 cancer sites. The proposed investigation is a case-cohort study of 7 of these sites to investigate the role of these viruses in their etiology, while controlling for and concurrently investigating the roles of other potential occupational and non-occupational carcinogenic exposures. The purpose of the proposed study is two-fold: 1) to assist in providing the critical epidemiologic evidence linking these viruses with cancer occurrence in humans through the study of this highly exposed group of workers; 2) To study cancer mortality in workers in poultry slaughtering & processing plants, who are exposed to not only oncogenic viruses at work (infectious disease is one of the priority areas identified by NIOSH in its Occupational Safety and Health Research program), but also to other occupational carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, benzene, etc. This occupational group has not been studied before for cancer occurrence in spite of having these hazardous carcinogenic exposures.