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Neighborhood Effects on HIV Risk-Taking

社区对艾滋病毒冒险行为的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8274833
负责人：
CLAIRE E STERK
金额：
$ 62.76万
依托单位：
EMORY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-20 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8274833
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Address Adult African American Alcohol consumption Alcohols Area Behavior Behavioral Cardiovascular system Censuses Characteristics Communities Complex Crime Data Data Sources Development Disadvantaged Disease Drug usage Drug user Enrollment Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemic Evaluation Gender Goals HIV Health Home environment Hot Spot Individual Injecting drug user Injection of therapeutic agent Intervention Interview Lead Legal Link Longitudinal Studies Malignant Neoplasms Maps Modeling Nature Neighborhoods Obesity Pattern Perception Pharmaceutical Preparations Policy Maker Prevention approach Prevention strategy Process Proxy Public Health Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Respondent Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Reduction Risk-Taking Role Sampling Sampling Studies Sex Orientation Social Disorganizations Social Environment Stigmata Time Vulnerable Populations Woman base empowered follow-up housing instability longitudinal design member men men who have sex with men response sex social social capital social stigma success theories

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT HIV risk-reduction interventions traditionally have emphasized individual-centered behavioral prevention approaches. Despite their success, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has not come to a halt, especially not among African Americans, a group that is disproportionately impacted. Structural interventions, which tend to be multilevel, are less common even though structural factors often create vulnerable populations and sustain an environment that is supportive of continued engagement in HIV risk behaviors. In the proposed study, we will investigate how individuals interact with and impact their neighborhood environments. Specifically, we focus on the link between the individual and neighborhood context and the role of structural and environmental factors. We propose a multilevel, longitudinal design and the specific aims are: (1) to investigate the relationships between neighborhood context, neighborhood perceptions, and individual characteristics, and HIV sexual risk-taking and the link between this risk-taking and HIV status; (2) to examine the association between neighborhood context, neighborhood perceptions, individual characteristics, and injection drug use related HIV risk-taking and this risk-taking and HIV status; and (3) to identify the spatial patterns of HIV risk-taking and to investigate neighborhood and individual-level characteristics associated with these spatial patterns. The guiding conceptual model builds on social disorganization theory. Recruitment uses targeted sampling strategies across 50 census block groups, with varied characteristics, and which serve as a proxy for neighborhoods. Our pilot data show these to vary according to key characteristics. In addition, we will explore the local context in which the respondents move. The study sample will consist of 1,500 African American women and men. Comparisons will be drawn based on drug use status, gender, and among the men, sexual orientation. The project comprises distinct data sources, namely: individual interviews, individual HIV status, systematic observations, data from the 2000 U.S. Census, and part 1 crime, drug arrests, and alcohol outlet data. Interviews will be conducted at three time points: baseline and 6 and 12 month follow-up. Systematic observations and a review of crime, drug arrests and alcohol outlet data will occur at baseline and at 12 month follow-up. The analytical approach combines longitudinal multilevel analyses and spatial mapping. The study has theoretical and research significance as its findings may provide useful information for structural interventions, targeting neighborhood structural and environmental factors, that support existing and new HIV prevention approaches. By incorporating partners such as policy-makers, urban planners, economists, legal experts and the wider research community, the public health response to HIV will be enhanced.

项目概要/摘要传统上，降低艾滋病毒风险的干预措施强调以个人为中心的行为预防接近。尽管取得了成功，艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行并没有停止，尤其是在人群中。非裔美国人是一个受到不成比例影响的群体。结构性干预措施，通常是尽管结构性因素经常造成弱势群体并维持支持持续从事艾滋病毒危险行为的环境。在拟议的研究中，我们将调查个人如何与邻里环境互动并影响他们的邻里环境。具体来说，我们关注个人和邻里环境之间的联系以及结构和结构的作用环境因素。我们提出多层次、纵向的设计，具体目标是：（1）调查邻里环境、邻里观念和个人之间的关系特征、艾滋病毒性冒险行为以及这种冒险行为与艾滋病毒状况之间的联系； (2) 检验邻里环境、邻里认知、个人特征和注射吸毒相关的艾滋病毒风险行为以及这种风险行为与艾滋病毒状况； (3) 识别空间艾滋病毒风险承担模式并调查相关的社区和个人层面的特征与这些空间模式。指导概念模型建立在社会解体理论的基础上。招聘在 50 个具有不同特征的人口普查区块组中使用有针对性的抽样策略，这些策略可作为社区的代理。我们的试点数据显示这些会根据关键特征而变化。此外，我们将探讨受访者移动的当地环境。研究样本将包括 1,500 名非洲人美国女人和男人。将根据吸毒状况、性别以及男性之间进行比较，性取向。该项目包括不同的数据源，即：个人访谈、个人艾滋病毒状况、系统观察、2000 年美国人口普查数据以及第 1 部分犯罪、毒品逮捕和酗酒出口数据。访谈将在三个时间点进行：基线以及 6 个月和 12 个月的随访。将在基线时对犯罪、毒品逮捕和酒精出口数据进行系统观察和审查以及12个月的随访。分析方法结合了纵向多层次分析和空间分析映射。该研究具有理论和研究意义，因为其发现可能提供有用的信息针对结构性干预措施，针对邻里结构和环境因素，支持现有的以及新的艾滋病毒预防方法。通过吸收政策制定者、城市规划者等合作伙伴，经济学家、法律专家和更广泛的研究界认为，针对艾滋病毒的公共卫生应对措施将是增强。