权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Mechanisms Underlying Differential Effects of Neighborhood Poverty on Problematic Adolescent Drug Use

社区贫困对问题青少年吸毒产生不同影响的机制

基本信息

批准号：
9312260
负责人：
Kara Elizabeth Rudolph
金额：
$ 15.32万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-01 至 2017-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9312260
关键词：
Accounting Address Adolescent Affect Age Alcohol or Other Drugs use Characteristics Child Cities Conflict (Psychology)Development Drug Addiction Drug Use Disorder Drug abuse Drug usage Effectiveness Effectiveness of Interventions Environment Epidemiologist Future Gender Goals Health Home visitation Hour Individual Intervention Machine Learning Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Mental Health Methodology Methods Modeling Neighborhoods Outcome Partner in relationship Pharmaceutical Preparations Phase Policies Population Poverty Prevention Property Randomized Research Risk Role Safety Schools Statistical Methods Students Subgroup Target Populations Techniques Testing Training Translational Research Tweens Work adolescent drug use base boys bullying career cost design drug abuse prevention flexibility girls improved intervention effect method development novel population based prevent programs residence successful intervention

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Where a child grows up can inﬂuence his or her risk of problematic drug use. Surprisingly, policies and programs designed to improve neighborhood conditions have yielded conﬂicting results in which some children beneﬁt but others are harmed. Understanding the mechanisms by which neighborhoods act to affect problem- atic drug use and how these mechanisms differ across subgroups and cities—that is, understanding where and for whom mechanisms apply—is essential to optimize the effectiveness of future neighborhood interventions. Mechanisms involving mediation by aspects of the school environment have been unexamined, but could prove promising for understanding differential effects of neighborhood on problematic drug use. The objective of this K99/R00 is to identify school-based mechanisms that mediate the relationship between neighborhood poverty and problematic drug use and to develop statistical methods to understand how mediation effects differ across subgroup and place. This objective contributes to the long-term goal of improving the effectiveness of interven- tions to prevent drug abuse and dependence by tailoring interventions to address the most relevant mechanisms of action for each target population based on place and individual-level characteristics. The K99 phase ﬁlls the following training gaps that are critical to achieving the research objective and long-term goal: 1) methodologic training in causal mediation analysis; 2) subject-matter training in drug abuse and dependence prevention in ur- ban populations; and 3) involvement in real-world school-based interventions to develop methods with practical utility. Aim 1 of the proposed research identiﬁes the school environment mechanisms that mediate the relationship between neighborhood poverty and adolescent problematic drug use and modiﬁers of those mechanisms. Aim 2 extends a statistical method recently developed by the proposed research team for generalizing intervention ef- fects from one city to another to generalizing mediation effects. Finally, Aim 3 uses the method developed in Aim 2 to identify how the school environment mechanisms mediating neighborhood poverty and problematic drug use differ across major U.S. cities. The proposed research is expected to identify school-based mechanisms underly- ing differential effects of neighborhood poverty on adolescent problematic drug use by subgroup and place using the only study of randomized neighborhood residence. In addition, it is expected to contribute a novel statistical method that incorporates cutting-edge machine learning techniques to identify which mediation mechanisms can generalize across place, advancing translational research. Successful interventions are assumed to work in differ- ent settings, but that is not the case in practice. The proposed research will allow us to predict intervention effects while accounting for differences in population composition and modiﬁers of the mediation mechanism. This will make a signiﬁcant contribution to improving health by informing the design and targeting of future neighborhood interventions to adolescents and places that may be most impacted in terms of problematic drug use prevention.

项目总结/文摘