Targeted delivery of cytopathicity enhancing agents, and co-ordination with shock and kill, to reduce HIV reservoirs

项目摘要 虽然现代疗法已经大大改善了人们的生活前景 艾滋病毒感染者无法治愈感染，使这些人背负着沉重的负担。 终身服用抗逆转录病毒药物。对于任何特定的个体， 保持终生坚持用药可能存在重大挑战。 此外，这些昂贵的药物对许多人来说是不可用的， 特别是在资源贫乏的环境中。因此，这将是巨大的价值， 开发新的疗法，可以使艾滋病毒进入缓解期，我们的意思是进入一种状态， 即使停止服用抗逆转录病毒药物， 药目前，还没有这种治疗干预。最近的研究 显示一种称为BCL-2/BCL-XL拮抗剂的分子能够促进 艾滋病毒感染细胞的死亡，这可能导致缓解。这些担忧 然而，BCL-2/BCL-XL拮抗剂的缺点是它们与副作用有关， 可能会被认为是不可接受的。相关地，这些分子不是高度 它是HIV感染细胞的特异性抗原，也会导致一些未感染细胞的死亡。 “旁观者”细胞。我们已经开发出一种技术， 载药的金纳米颗粒对体内某些细胞群的作用。在当前 我们的目标是利用这项技术更有选择性地靶向BCL-2/BCL-XL 感染细胞群的拮抗剂。在目标2中，这一目标将相对广泛- 例如，针对所有记忆CD 4 + T细胞。在目标3中，我们将测试以下方法： 特异性靶向递送至仅HIV感染细胞。对于这两种方法， 可能还需要“潜伏期逆转剂（LRA）”来诱导HIV的某些表达。 并促进受感染细胞的死亡。在目的2中，这些土地注册处将沿着 BCL-2/BCL-XL拮抗剂共载金纳米颗粒。在目标3中，LRA将 首先提供以诱导HIV表达，允许随后的特异性靶向 BCL-2/BCL-XL拮抗剂对HIV感染细胞的作用。我们的建议将采取这两个 从体外实验到体内临床前研究的互补方法 模型我们的最终目标是观察开发的新疗法的疗效 通过这个项目在这些临床前模型中。如果观察到，这将使未来的临床 这些新疗法在艾滋病病毒感染者中的试验， 缓解而不需要持续的ARV治疗。

Project Abstract Although modern therapies have dramatically improved the outlooks for people living with HIV they are unable to cure infection, leaving these individuals burdened by a lifelong commitment to antiretroviral (ARV) medication. For any given individual, maintaining lifelong adherence to medication can present substantial challenges. Moreover, these expensive medications are not accessible for many individuals, in particular those in resource poor settings. It would therefore be of tremendous value to develop novel therapies that can drive HIV into remission, by which we mean into a state where levels of virus remain low or undetectable even when one stops taking ARV medication. At present, no such therapeutic intervention exists. Recent studies have shown that a type of molecule called BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonists is able to promote the death of HIV-infected cells, which could potentially lead to remission. A concern of these BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonists, however, is that they are associated with side-effects that are likely to be considered unacceptable. Relatedly, these molecules are not highly specific to HIV-infected cells and can also cause the death of some uninfected 'bystander' cells. We have developed a technology that allows for the selective targeting of drug-loaded gold nanoparticles to certain cell populations in vivo. In the current proposal we aim to use this technology to more selectively target BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonists to infected cell populations. In Aim 2, this targeting will be relatively broad – for example, targeting all memory CD4+ T-cells. In Aim 3, we will test approaches to specifically target delivery to only HIV infected cells. For both of these approaches 'latency reversing agents (LRAs)' may also be needed to induce some expression of HIV and promote the death of infected cells. In Aim 2, these LRAs will be provided along with BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonist be co-loading gold nanoparticles. In Aim 3, LRAs will be provided first in order to induce HIV expression, allowing subsequent specific targeting of BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonists to HIV-infected cells. Our proposal will take both of these complementary approaches from in vitro experiments through to an in vivo preclinical model. Our ultimate objective is to observe efficacy of the novel therapeutics developed by this project in these preclinical models. If observed, this would enable future clinical trials of these new therapies in people living with HIV, and potentially leading to viral remission without the need for ongoing ARV therapy.