Disparities of Drug Use in Emerging Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案寻求五年的资助，以研究影响非裔美国人（AA）和欧裔美国人（EA）新兴成年人（20/21-22/23）药物使用差异的家庭和环境因素。这项建议建立在先前资助的一项研究（NIDA, DA12645-04）的基础上，研究父母关心孩子的效果。因此，本研究利用了已经收集的8年级、9年级和10年级的数据。本研究对163名AA青年和168名EA青年进行了多方法、多评价的纵向分析。结合父母和青少年的自我报告数据，编码录像观察将为发现青少年-父母互动的微观过程提供宝贵的资产，并且是非裔美国青少年及其父母的罕见数据来源。在社会发展模型的指导下，这一建议将我们的研究扩展到新兴成年期，这一时期对于理解基于种族的物质使用模式和后果差异的起源至关重要。此外，现有的样本很适合探索下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴调节的种族差异，这可能使非裔美国人有更高的药物滥用风险及其后果。具体来说，我们建议研究AA和EA青年在物质使用模式方面的异同，以及从中学到成年初期特定家庭和更广泛的环境对物质使用模式的影响程度和影响。其次，因为我们已经看到干预在减少高风险行为（毒品，酒精，性启蒙，暴力）和保护行为（观察到积极的养育）方面的显著效果，我们将继续研究种族差异，在自我管理干预和父母和青少年技能小组干预的长期影响方面，与无治疗控制条件下的药物使用和滥用，犯罪行为，以及青春期晚期和成年初期的危险性行为。最后，我们将检查HPA轴失调的危险因素，通过基础和昼夜皮质醇测量，以及它与当前和以后的药物使用的关系。这项研究填补了关于药物使用模式的健康差异研究中的重要空白，并将有助于我们解决和消除基于种族的药物使用后果差异的能力。这项研究填补了关于药物使用模式的健康差异的公共卫生研究中的重要空白，并将有助于我们处理和消除基于种族的药物使用后果差异的能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks five years of funding to examine family and contextual factors contributing to drug use disparites among African American (AA) and European American (EA) emerging adults (age 20/21-22/23). This proposal builds on a previously funded study (NIDA, DA12645-04), Examining the Efficacy of Parents Who Care. Thus, this study capitalizes on data already collected in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades. The longitudinal data provide multi-method, multi-rater information on a sample of 163 AA and 168 EA youth during the critical middle school to high school transition. In combination with self-reported data from parents and teens, coded videotaped observations will provide a valuable asset for discovering micro-processes of teen-parent interaction and are a rare data source on African American adolescents and their parents. Guided by the Social Development Model, this proposal extends our research into the emerging adulthood period, a period critical to understanding the origins of race based disparities in substance use patterns and consequences. Additionally, the existing sample is well suited to exploring race differences in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, which may place African Americans at higher risk for substance abuse and its consequences. Specifically we propose to examine the similarities and differences between AA and EA youth in patterns of substance use and the level of exposure to and impact of specific family and broader contextual influences on substance use patterns from middle school into emerging adulthood. Second, because we have seen signifcant effects of the intervention on reducing high risk behaviors (drug, alcohol, and sex initiation, violence) and on protective behaviors (observed positive parenting) we will continue to examine race differences in the long-term effects of the self-administered intervention and the parent and teen skills group intervention compared to a no-treatment control condition on drug use and misuse, criminal behavior, and risky sexual behavior through late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Finally, we will examine risk factors for HPA axis dysregulation measured by basal and diurnal cortisol and it's relationship to current and later drug use. This study fills important gaps in the research on health disparities in patterns of substance use, and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race based disparities in the consequences of drug use.This study fills important gaps in public health research on health disparities in patterns of substance use and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race-based disparities in the consequences of drug use.