GABA AND GLYCINE TRANSMISSION IN OLFACTORY BULB CULTURES

人们普遍认为，哺乳动物大脑中的抑制是由 关于GABA而甘氨酸被认为是主要的抑制性氨基 脑干和脊髓中的酸性递质。然而，一个更 在过去几年中出现了复杂的情况。最近 免疫组织化学和分子生物学研究表明， GABA-A受体有多种形式， 功能特性此外，各种证据表明， 甘氨酸可能在许多脑区起抑制性递质的作用 包括嗅球。 嗅球是研究抑制性神经元多样性的理想模型 突触回路嗅球包含两个主要种群 神经元，一小群二尖瓣/簇状细胞， 皮质结构和更大数量的抑制性 中间神经元因此，嗅球中的绝大多数神经元， 在其他皮质结构中，是抑制性中间神经元。 免疫组织化学、分子和生理学研究， 研究表明，有许多不同类型的GABA-A受体， 嗅球此外，最近的挑衅性证据强烈表明， 表明甘氨酸也可能有助于突触抑制。 本提案的总体目标是探讨 嗅球中GABA-A和甘氨酸受体表达的多样性 神经元，特别关注它们在突触传递中的作用。 实验方法将联合收割机原代培养和膜片钳技术相结合 记录技术，让我们能够探索 抑制性氨基酸受体的分离分布， 识别嗅球神经元，并确定它们对 突触抑制这些信息可以提供进一步的洞察力， 正常和病理过程都涉及这些递质 系统.

It is widely believed that inhibition in the mammalian brain is mediated by GABA. Whereas glycine is considered to be the dominant inhibitory amino acid transmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord. However, a more complex picture has emerged over the past several years. Recent immunohistochemical and molecular biological studies have demonstrated that there are multiple forms of the GABA-A receptor with different functional properties. Moreover, a variety of evidence suggests that glycine may function as an inhibitory transmitter in many brain regions outside of the spinal cord, including the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is an ideal model to study the diversity of inhibitory synaptic circuits. The olfactory bulb contains two primary populations of neurons, a small population of mitral/tufted cells which project to cortical structures and a much larger population of inhibitory interneurons. Thus, the vast majority of neurons in the olfactory bulb, as in other cortical structures, are inhibitory interneurons. Immunohistochemical, molecular, and physiological studies, have demonstrated that there are many different types of GABA-A receptors in the olfactory bulb. Moreover, provocative recent evidence strongly suggests that glycine also may contribute to synaptic inhibition. The broad objective of this proposal is to explore the functional diversity of the GABA-A and glycine receptors expressed in olfactory bulb neurons with a particular focus on their role in synaptic transmission. The experimental approach will combine primary culture and patch clamp recording techniques to allow us to explore the possibility of a segregated distribution of inhibitory amino acid receptors among identified olfactory bulb neurons and determine their contribution to synaptic inhibition. This information may provide further insight into both normal and pathological processes involving these transmitter systems.