Population cytogenetics of Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles nili

描述(申请人提供)：疟疾对非洲大陆的公共卫生和福利造成毁灭性影响。减少或消除疟疾影响的一个重要方法是病媒控制。然而，如果不是所有主要媒介物种都成为目标，媒介控制就效率低下。冈比亚按蚊亚属Cellia-Anopheles冈比亚，An.Arabiens，An.Funestus，An.Moucheti和An.NILI-是主要的疟疾媒介，因为它们是亲人的，并且容易受到恶性疟原虫的影响。一种。冈比亚亚纲，An.Arabiens和An.在细胞遗传学和分子标记的帮助下，人们正在深入研究真菌。一种。MUCHETI和AN.尼利受到的关注明显较少，因为缺乏准确描述物种多样性和种群结构所需的工具。这项提议提供了一个独特的机会来开发细胞遗传学研究工具，并评估其对被忽视的疟疾病媒和疟疾病媒的分类学和种群遗传学研究的有效性。MUCHETI和AN.尼莉。用于推断按蚊分类和种群状态的常用标记包括染色体倒位和微卫星。重组和选择的减少可能会影响倒位内或倒位断点附近的基因座，导致对基因流的估计可能显著偏离基于基因组其他位置的基因流。因此，微卫星标记相对于多态倒位的物理位置对于解释群体遗传结构是重要的信息。将使用创新方法为疟疾病媒编制下一代高质量的细胞遗传学和物理地图。除了传统的细胞遗传学和作图方法外，该项目还将利用一种新的高压方法来制备多线染色体铺展和引物原位标记(PrINS)，该方法基于引物介导的DNA合成，用于各种生物的染色体。多线染色体、倒位断裂点和微卫星标记的综合图谱将使被忽视的疟疾媒介的种群研究发生革命性变化。利用这些地图，拟议的项目将检验一个假设，即AN成员之间存在倒置差异。MUCHETI和AN.尼利集团。简而言之，这项R21提案的具体目标是：1.开发疟疾媒介和疟疾的高分辨率细胞遗传学照片。MUCHETI和AN.尼莉。2.确定AN成员的分类地位和种群结构。MUCHETI和AN.尼里族使用固定和多态倒置。3.确定AN的微卫星标记的染色体位置。MUCHETI和AN.NILI关于多态倒置。公共卫生相关性疟疾对非洲大陆的公共卫生和福利造成了毁灭性的影响。减少或消除疟疾影响的一个重要方法是病媒控制。这项提议提供了一个独特的机会来开发细胞遗传学研究工具，并评估其对被忽视的疟疾病媒和疟疾病媒的分类学和种群遗传学研究的有效性。MUCHETI和AN.尼莉。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in the African continent. An important approach for reducing or eliminating malaria impact is vector control. However, vector control is inefficient if not all major vector species are targeted. Mosquitoes of subgenus Cellia - Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. moucheti, and An. nili - are the major malaria vectors because they are anthropophilic and susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum. An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are being intensively studied with the help of cytogenetic and molecular markers. An. moucheti and An. nili have received significantly less attention because the tools needed to precisely characterize species diversity and population structure are lacking. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to develop cytogenetic research tools and to assess their effectiveness for taxonomic and population genetics studies of the neglected malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili. The commonly used markers for inferring anopheline taxonomic and population status include chromosomal inversions and microsatellites. Reduced recombination and selection can influence loci within inversions or near inversion breakpoints, resulting in estimates of gene flow that may depart significantly from those based on loci elsewhere in the genome. Therefore, the physical location of microsatellite markers with respect to polymorphic inversions is important information for interpreting population genetic structure. Innovative approaches will be used for developing next-generation-quality cytogenetic and physical maps for malaria vectors. In addition to the traditional cytogenetic and mapping protocols, the project will utilize a novel high-pressure method to prepare polytene chromosome spreads and the primed in situ labeling (PRINS), which is based on a primer-mediated DNA synthesis and used on chromosomes of various organisms. Integrated maps of polytene chromosomes, inversion breakpoints, and microsatellite markers will revolutionize population studies of the neglected malaria vectors. Using these maps, the proposed project will test a hypothesis that there are inversion differences among members of the An. moucheti and An. nili groups. Briefly, the specific aims of this R21 proposal are to 1. Develop high-resolution cytogenetic photomaps for the malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili. 2. Determine the taxonomic status and population structure of members of the An. moucheti and An. nili groups using fixed and polymorphic inversions. 3. Identify the chromosomal locations of microsatellite markers for An. moucheti and An. nili with respect to polymorphic inversions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Malaria has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in the African continent. An important approach for reducing or eliminating malaria impact is vector control. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to develop cytogenetic research tools and to assess their effectiveness for taxonomic and population genetics studies of the neglected malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili.