Neural Basis of Generalized Quantifers

广义量词的神经基础

• 批准号: 7423954
• 负责人: MURRAY GROSSMAN
• 金额: $ 73.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7423954
• 关键词: Adult; Agreement; Alzheimer' s Disease; Apple; Atrophic; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Biological Neural Networks; Categories; Cognitive; Color; Communication; Comprehension; Dementia; Dependency; Devices; Diagnostic; Eating; Equus caballus; Frontotemporal Dementia; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Inferior; Judgment; Knowledge; Language; Letters; Maps; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Numbers; Oats; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oranges; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Role; Semantic memory; Semantics; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Stimulus; Thinking; Transcriptional Activation; Up-Regulation; Visual; Work; age related; base; combinatorial; corticobasal degeneration; frontal lobe; improved; lexical; neuroimaging; novel; novel strategies; prognostic; relating to nervous system; visual stimulus; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Semantic memory plays a critical role in communication and thought, but advances in the cognitive and neural basis for semantic memory have proven elusive. We propose a novel approach to semantic memory by focusing on generalized quantifiers like "some of the apples" and "most of the oranges." Our model of generalized quantifier comprehension includes at least a finite set of simple circuits that represent number knowledge, a working memory device the retains the results of intermediate computations, and a small set of combinatorial operations that manipulate information held in working memory. We map this semantic domain onto a large-scale neural network that includes at least parietal cortex (for number knowledge), inferior frontal cortex (for working memory), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (for executive switching). Preliminary computational work, behavioral studies in healthy seniors and patients with focal neurodegenerative diseases, and functional neuroimaging work support these distinctions. Patients with corticobasal degeneration have a fundamental deficit in number knowledge but little other lexical comprehension difficulty, related to parietal atrophy. They are particularly impaired in their comprehension of "first-order quantifiers" like "some of the X" that depend crucially on number knowledge; fMRI work in healthy adults relates comprehension of first-order quantifiers to parietal cortex. Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients have limited working memory and poor switching that are associated with frontal atrophy. They are impaired in their comprehension of "higher-order quantifiers" like "most of the X" that, beyond number knowledge, also require working memory and the manipulation of information retained in working memory, fMRI work in healthy adults relates comprehension of higher-order quantifiers to frontal cortex. We propose additional modeling, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging studies in healthy seniors and patients with these neurodegenerative diseases to establish the cognitive and neural contribution of number knowledge, working memory, and executive switching during generalized quantifier comprehension. The results of these studies will provide a novel and important perspective on the neural basis for semantic memory, and will improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in patients suffering from dementia.

描述（由申请人提供）：语义记忆在交流和思维中起着关键作用，但语义记忆的认知和神经基础的进展已被证明是难以捉摸的。我们提出了一种新的语义记忆方法，通过关注广义量词，如“一些苹果”和“大多数橙子”。“我们的广义量词理解模型至少包括一组有限的简单电路，代表数字知识，一个工作记忆设备，保留中间计算的结果，以及一小组操纵工作记忆中保存的信息的组合操作。我们将这个语义域映射到一个大规模的神经网络上，该网络至少包括顶叶皮层（用于数字知识）、下额叶皮层（用于工作记忆）和背外侧前额叶皮层（用于执行切换）。初步的计算工作，在健康老年人和局灶性神经退行性疾病患者的行为研究，和功能性神经影像学工作支持这些区别。皮质基底节变性患者在数字知识方面存在根本性缺陷，但几乎没有其他与顶叶萎缩相关的词汇理解困难。他们对“一阶量词”（如“X中的一些”）的理解尤其受损，这类量词对数字知识至关重要;健康成年人的功能磁共振成像工作将一阶量词的理解与顶叶皮层联系起来。额颞叶痴呆和阿尔茨海默病患者的工作记忆有限，转换能力差，这与额叶萎缩有关。他们在理解“高阶量词”（如“X的大部分”）方面受损，除了数字知识，还需要工作记忆和对工作记忆中保留的信息的操纵，健康成年人的fMRI工作将高阶量词的理解与额叶皮层联系起来。我们建议在健康老年人和这些神经退行性疾病患者中进行额外的建模，行为和功能神经影像学研究，以建立广义量词理解过程中数字知识，工作记忆和执行转换的认知和神经贡献。这些研究的结果将为语义记忆的神经基础提供一个新的和重要的视角，并将提高痴呆患者的诊断和预后准确性。