Teen Mothers' Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Abuse and Child Development

项目总结 尽管在过去20年里，少女怀孕率大幅下降，但少女怀孕率仍然是世界上最高的 美国与其他西方国家相比。一位十几岁的母亲所生的孩子在 几十年来，文学和公众的看法一直是人类发展的不利因素 孩子们。尽管有大量文献将十几岁母亲的孩子比作年长母亲的孩子 鲜为人知的母亲是导致青少年子女发育结果差异的因素 母亲们。因此，相关知识库在为健康预防规划提供信息方面是有限的 青少年母亲的子女的发展。利用对青少年母亲和青少年的独特纵向研究 对于他们的孩子，拟议的研究旨在通过明确关注和深入研究来弥补这些差距 母亲吸毒史和不良童年经历(ACE)的调查 促进青少年母亲的孩子群体内变异性的两个关键因素。具体地说，首先，我们将 调查青少年母亲使用物质的时间和纵向轨迹是否超出了产前 这一时期会影响儿童的发展结果。第二，我们将检查产妇的王牌，这是 代际风险因素在孩子出生之前，影响孩子的发展，并与更多的 母体近端危险因素、母体物质使用。拟议的研究将利用现有的 两组青年妇女和儿童发展研究(YCDS)小组。队列1(C1，n=240)跨越17个 母亲和孩子的生命历程的岁月。在上一波队列1数据收集中，孩子们17岁 年龄和母亲的平均年龄为33.8岁。队列2(C2，n=255)包括14年的这两种情况 母亲和孩子的生命历程。在上一波队列2数据收集中，儿童年龄为13.5岁， 母亲的平均年龄为30.3岁。此丰富的数据集包含实现以下目标的所有关键元素 拟议研究，包括(A)对儿童从婴儿期到年龄段的前瞻性和重复评估 两个队列中的青春期使用有效的评估包跨越儿童执行功能， 语言发展、外化行为和其他发展措施；(B)每年或半年 1岁和13.5岁孕妇从妊娠到产后17年的母体物质使用评估 产后C2；和(C)产妇A级评估。数据集的全面性，有14到 17波年度评估，提供了使用纵向建模策略来确定 孕妇的发育时间和母体物质使用的动态变化，将她们联系在一起 对儿童发育结果的影响，然后将这些结果与母亲的A级药物暴露联系起来。建议进行的研究 将通过采用交叉验证策略和集成的 将数据与队列效应检验相结合的策略。

PROJECT SUMMARY Despite substantially declining during the past 2 decades, teenage pregnancy rates remain the highest in the United States compared to other Western countries. Being born to a teenage mother has been noted in the literature and public perceptions for many decades as a permanent source of developmental disadvantages for children. Although a strong body of literature has compared children of teen mothers to children of older mothers, less known are factors contributing to variations in developmental outcomes among children of teen mothers. As such, the relevant knowledge base is limited in informing prevention programming for healthy development among children of teen mothers. Capitalizing on unique longitudinal studies of teen mothers and their children, the proposed study aims to remedy these gaps with an explicit focus on and in-depth investigation of maternal history of substance use and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as two key factors promoting within-group variability in children of teen mothers. Specifically, first, we will investigate whether the timing and longitudinal trajectories of teen mothers’ substance use beyond the prenatal period affect child developmental outcomes. Second, we will examine whether maternal ACEs, which are intergenerational risk factors preceding the child’s birth, influence child development and intersect with a more proximal maternal risk factor, maternal substance use. The proposed study will leverage access to existing two-cohort Young Women and Child Development Study (YCDS) panels. Cohort 1 (C1, n = 240) spans 17 years of both the mothers’ and child’s life course. At the last wave of cohort 1data collection, children were 17 years old and mothers were 33.8 years old on average. Cohort 2 (C2, n = 255) encompasses 14 years of both mothers’ and child’s life course. At the last wave of cohort 2 data collection, children were 13.5 years old and mothers were 30.3 years old on average. This rich dataset has all the key elements to achieve the aims of the proposed study, including (a) prospective and repeated assessment of child development from infancy through adolescence in both cohorts using validated assessment packages spanning child executive functioning, language development, externalizing behaviors, and other developmental measures; (b) annual or semiannual assessments of maternal substance use from pregnancy to 17 years postpartum in C1 and 13.5 years postpartum in C2; and (c) assessment of maternal ACEs. The comprehensiveness of the datasets, with 14 to 17 waves of annual assessment, offers a novel opportunity to use longitudinal modeling strategies to identify the developmental timing and dynamic changes in maternal substance use among pregnant women, link them to child developmental outcomes, and then link those back to maternal ACEs exposure. The proposed study will maximize the use of data from both cohorts by adopting a cross-validation strategy and an integrated strategy of combining data with tests of cohort effect.