Alzheimer's Disease associated pathology induced by neurotropic viral infection

总结 阿尔茨海默病的遗传风险因素可以预测获得这种疾病的可能性增加， 越来越明显的是，外部因素参与了神经退行性疾病的进展。 最近两种疱疹病毒已牵连在这种疾病，因为他们已被发现在患病组织 老年痴呆症患者。人单纯疱疹病毒1（HSV-1）和人疱疹病毒6a（HHV 6a）是 嗜神经性疱疹病毒，建立神经系统的溶解性和终身潜伏性感染。如何 这些病毒性病原体改变神经变性疾病的结果仍然是未知的。阿尔茨海默 疾病以宿主蛋白质的不同改变为标志，包括Tau的错误折叠。使用一个新的人类 在iPSC衍生的3D皮质模型系统中，我们观察到编码Tau的mRNA的剪接改变。 此外，我们观察到磷酸化Tau积累的病毒感染依赖性增加，这是一种后感染。 翻译修饰指示Tau的错误折叠。这些初步发现支持了这一假设 病毒感染直接影响宿主细胞微环境，导致阿尔茨海默病的变化， 标记。这些研究的总体目标是确定影响或影响免疫系统的感染性病原体。 阿尔茨海默病进展的严重程度或频率。本提案的目的是界定 嗜神经性疱疹病毒感染对阿尔茨海默病已知驱动因子积累的生物学影响 在生理学相关模型系统内的疾病。我们的第一个目标是识别和定义病毒依赖性 参与神经变性的多种宿主蛋白质内的变化。这将是第一次，一个直接的联系 嗜神经病毒感染与临床相关细胞中的致病性神经变性之间的关系。的 第二个目标将使用新的RNA标记方案来分析仅来自受感染细胞内的转录组。 3D类器官，并将利用单细胞测序来表征这些嗜神经病毒的向性。 第三个目标将利用3D类器官，这些类器官含有在疾病发作时发现的已知遗传风险因子突变。 阿尔茨海默氏病，并将确定是否疱疹病毒放大神经退行性疾病的进展。 成功完成将明确定义影响阿尔茨海默病的病毒因素，并将提供 深入了解阿尔茨海默病以外的致病机制。

SUMMARY Genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease can predict the increased likelihood of acquiring the disease yet it is becoming more evident that external factors are involved in the neurodegenerative disease progression. Recently two herpesviruses have been implicated in this disorder as they have been found in diseased tissues of Alzheimer's patients. Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and Human Herpesvirus 6a (HHV6a) are neurotropic herpesviruses that establish both lytic and lifelong latent infections of the nervous system. How these viral pathogens alter the outcome of neurodegenerative disease remains uncharacterized. Alzheimer's Disease is marked by distinct alterations of host proteins including the misfolding of Tau. Using a novel human iPSC-derived 3D cortical model system, we observed altered splicing of the mRNA that encodes Tau. Additionally, we observe a viral infection dependent increase in the accumulation of phospho-Tau, a post translational modification indicating the misfolding of Tau. These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that viral infections directly impact the host cell microenvironment resulting in changes in Alzheimer's Disease markers. The overarching goal of these studies is to identify infectious etiological agents that impact either the severity or frequency of Alzheimer's Disease progression. The objective of this proposal is to define the biological impact of neurotropic herpesvirus infections on accumulation of known drivers of Alzheimer's disease within a physiologically relevant model system. Our first aim will identify and define viral dependent changes within multiple host proteins involved in neurodegeneration. This will for the first time, a direct link between neurotropic virus infections and pathogenic neurodegenerations in cells of clinical relevance. The second aim will use novel RNA labeling protocols to profile the transcriptome from only infected cells within the 3D organoids and will utilize single cell sequencing to characterize the tropism of these neurotropic viruses. The third aim will utilize 3D organoids that harbor known genetic risk factor mutations found in the onset of Alzheimer's Disease and will determine if herpesviruses amplify the onset of neurodegenerative progression. Successful completion will clearly define the viral factors that influence Alzheimer's disease and will provide insight in pathogenic mechanisms that extend beyond Alzheimer's Disease.