Place-level discrimination and birth outcomes

地方层面的歧视和出生结果

• 批准号: 10048646
• 负责人: Thu Nguyen
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2021-08-22
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10048646
• 关键词: Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Big Data; Biological Markers; Biometry; Birth; Characteristics; Childhood; Chronic stress; Communication; Complement; Conceptions; Country; County; Data; Data Sources; Development; Discrimination; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Female of child bearing age; Fetal Development; Geographic Locations; Geography; Health; Hostility; Individual; Infant Mortality; Investigation; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal Health; Maternal and Child Health; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mentorship; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Natural Language Processing; Nature; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Phase; Physiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Psychological Stress; Race; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Shapes; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Testing; Time; Time trend; Training; Twitter; adverse birth outcomes; allostatic load; body language; career; disability; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority population; experience; hate crimes; health disparity; member; minority health; multidisciplinary; physical conditioning; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial bias; racial disparity; racial identity; racial minority; social; social media; statistics; stem; young woman

Preterm and low birth weight are the leading causes of infant mortality and childhood disability. In the U.S. racial disparities in birth outcomes persist, and there is evidence that discrimination partially contributes to this disparity. Most of research on discrimination and birth outcomes relies on self-reported experiences of discrimination, and there have been few studies examining discrimination at the U.S. national level. Social contexts in which greater hostility towards minorities is manifested may cause psychological stress and increase risk of adverse birth outcomes. The scientific objective of this research plan is to develop a new county-level indicator of discriminatory attitudes from social media data as well as make use hate crimes data and measures of explicit and implicit racial bias to provide a detailed and nuanced investigation of the impact of discrimination on birth outcomes and racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes. Another strength of this research plan is the longitudinal study design with multiple years of data for both measures of discrimination and birth outcomes, which allows us to control for temporal trends and stable characteristics of the counties. Furthermore, the influence of discrimination on birth outcomes may begin prior to pregnancy. There is increasing recognition of maternal health prior to conception influencing fetal development and birth outcomes. The project will empirically evaluate whether place-level discrimination is associated with biomarkers of chronic stress among young women of child-bearing age. This research plan is complemented by a training plan that builds on the applicant’s background in epidemiology and biostatistics and includes new training in: 1) developing expertise in Big Data, 2) measurement of discrimination, and 3) stress physiology and birth outcomes. The combined research and training plan will prepare the applicant for a successful independent research career evaluating how discrimination impact minority health and health disparities.

早产和出生体重不足是婴儿死亡和儿童残疾的主要原因。 在美国，出生结果的种族差异仍然存在，有证据表明， 部分地促成了这种差异。大多数关于歧视和生育结果的研究 依赖于自我报告的歧视经历，很少有研究调查 美国国家层面的歧视。在社会环境中， 少数民族的表现可能会造成心理压力，并增加不良出生的风险 结果。本研究计划的科学目标是制定一个新的县级指标 社交媒体数据中的歧视态度，以及利用仇恨犯罪数据， 明确和隐含的种族偏见的措施，以提供详细和细致入微的调查， 歧视对生育结果的影响以及生育结果中的种族/族裔差异。 这项研究计划的另一个优势是具有多年数据的纵向研究设计 对于歧视和出生结果的测量，这使我们能够控制时间 县的发展趋势和稳定特征。此外，歧视对妇女的影响 分娩结果可能在怀孕前就开始开始了。人们越来越认识到产妇保健 影响胎儿发育和出生结果。该项目将根据经验 评估地方水平的歧视是否与慢性压力的生物标志物相关， 育龄的年轻女性。这项研究计划是由一个培训计划，建立补充 关于申请人的流行病学和生物统计学背景，包括以下方面的新培训：1） 发展大数据方面的专业知识，2）测量歧视，3）压力生理学， 出生结果。结合研究和培训计划将准备申请人成功 评估歧视如何影响少数群体健康和健康的独立研究生涯 差距。